Skeleton Classification and Structure Flashcards
What is blood cell production
hematopoiesis
How many bones in the human skeleton?
206
What bones are part of the axial skeleton?
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage (long axis of the body)
What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?
Upper and lower exterminates (limbs), pelvic and pectoral gridles (shoulders) (appendages and connective structures)
What are some long bones?
humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges
What are some short bones?
most carpals and tarsals
What bones are flat,
cranial bones, sternum, ribs and scapulae
What bones are irregular?
vertebrae, some facial bones ( ethmoid and sphenoid, calcaneus
What shapes are sesamoid shape?
patella, plantar and hallucal sesamoids
what bones are sutural?
sutures in the skull
Describe the diaphysis
shaft, long, cylindrical, primarily compact bones, contains medullary cavity
describe the metaphysis
transition between diaphysis and epiphysis, separated by epiphyseal line and plate
describe the epiphysis
flared end of a long bone, contains spongy bone, covered in articular cartilage
describe the epiphyseal plate
plate of hyaline cartilage between epiphysis and metaphysis. site of bone lengthening growth. only seen in children/ adolescents/ young adults that are still growing
describe the epiphyseal line?
seen in mature adults when growth ceases, line where the epiphyseal plate, separates metaphysis from epiphysis
describe the articular cartliage
thin layer of hyaline cartilage over ends of epiphyses, at the joint area to reduce friction where bones meet
describe the periosteum
membrane that covers outer surface of bone
describe the medullary cavity
cavity within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow in adults, red bone marrow in children
describe the endosteum
membrane that lines the medullary cavity
What are the three types of openings l?
fissure, foramen, meatus
What does a fissure look like?
narrow slit in bone
What does a foramen look like?
opening/ hole in the bone
What does the meatus look like?
tube like opening that serves as a passage way
What are depressions?
usually allow formation of joins and articulation points- the fossa and sulcus
What is the fossa?
shallow depression
What is the sulcus?
groove alone bones surface that accommodates vessels, nerves or tendons
What are processes?
projections/outgrowths on bone that form a joint or attachment points for connective tissues such as ligaments or tendons
What are the joint forming processes
condyle, facet, head
Describe the condyle
large, round protuberance and end of bone that sits within a depression
describe the facet
smooth, flat articular surface to increase stability
describe the head
rounded articular projection that fits into a socket of a joint
What are the processes for muscle attachment?
crest, epicondyle, line, spinous process, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity
What is the crest?
prominent ridge or elongated projection
what is the epicondyle?
projections above the condyle
what is the line?
long narrow ridge or border, less prominent than the crest
Describe what the spinous process looks like
sharp, slender projection
what is the trochanter?
very large projection of femur
what is the tubercle?
small, rounded projection
what is the tuberosity?
large rounded, roughened projections
