Upper Limb

Question 0

Features of the clavicle?

Answer 0

1 Acromion end 2 Trapezius line 3 conoid tubercle 4 groove of subclavius muscle 5 impression of costs clavicular ligament 6 sternal end

Question 1

Features of the scapula

Answer 1

3 borders - medial, lateral, superior 3 fossa - supra spinous, infraspinous, sub scapular 3 processes - Acromion, coracoid, spine of scapu 2 angles - lateral, superior Supra scapular notch Glenoid cavity

Question 2

Features of the humerus

Answer 2

Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Inter tubercular groove Head of humerus Deltoid tuberosity Radial groove Capitulum - for articulation with radius Trochlea - for articulation with ulna Coronoid fossa - for articulation with coronoid process of ulna

Question 3

How can you tell right from left for clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna

Answer 3

Clavicle - Acromion end is much fatter. Relate it to your own clavicles. Humerus- head and f humerus points medially so for example the right humerus would have its head pointing left (anterior view)

Question 4

List the Features of the radius and ulna

Answer 4

Radius; Head of radius Radial tuberosity Neck of radius Shaft of radius Ulnar notch Oblique line Styloid process Ulna; Olecranon Trochlear notch Conoid process Radial notch Styloid process

Question 5

What is the annular ligament?

Answer 5

Ligament that forms a ring around the radius, it stabilises the radius.

Question 6

List the tendons that run through the carpel tunnel and the main nerve

Answer 6

Flexors of the forearm, median nerve

Question 7

What is carpel tunnel syndrome and name a clinical feature

Answer 7

Compression of median nerve

Question 8

What is the action of the trapezius muscle, innervation and attachments?

Answer 8

Originates at C7, nuchal ligament Inserts at spinous process of T12 Actions It has fivers running in different directions that gives rise to different actions Upper fibres - elevate scapula and rotate when arm is abducted Middle fibres - retract scapula Lower fibres - depress scapula I.e. Pull it inferiorly Innervates by accessory nerve

Question 9

Action of Latissimus dorsi muscle? Why is it known as the ‘lady between two majors?’

Answer 9

Translates from Latin as the ‘broad back’ muscle Known as the lady between two majors as it inserts onto the inter tubercular groove of the humerus, between pectoralis major and teres major Actions; Adducts Medially rotates scapula Extends scapula

Question 10

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the mammillary breast

Answer 10

1) subareolar lymph nodes to 2) interpectoral lymph nodes to 3) axillary lymph nodes which are (pectoral, to subscapular, to central, to apical, to 4) supra clavicular lymph nodes to 5) subclavian lymphatic trunk 6) right lymphatic duct

Question 11

What is the origin and insertion of supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 11

Medial two thirds of the supraspinous fossa to the superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus

Question 12

What is the function of supraspinatus?

Answer 12

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLE 1) Initiate abduction of arm to 15 degrees 2) stabilise the gelenohumeral joint

Question 13

What is the origin and insertion of infraspinatus?

Answer 13

From the medial two thirds of the infraspinous fossa to the middle facet of the greater tubercle of humerus

Question 14

What is the function of infraspinatus?

Answer 14

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLE 1) laterally rotates glenohumeral joint 2) stabilises glenohumeral joint

Question 15

What are the origins and insertions of teres minor?

Answer 15

From upper two thirds of the posterior scapula to the inferior facet of greater tubercle

Question 16

What are the functions of the teres minor muscle?

Answer 16

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLE 1) laterally rotates glenohumeral joint 2) stabilises glenohumeral joint

Question 17

What is the origin and insertion of subscapularis muscle?

Answer 17

1) subscapular fossa to the LESSER tubercle of humerus

Question 18

What is the function of the subscapularis muscle?

Answer 18

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLE 1) stabilises glenohumeral joint

Question 19

What is the orgin and insertion of pectoralis major?

Answer 19

Orgin:

1. Clavicular head: medial half of clavicle
2. sternal head: anterior surface of the sturnum, at the first 6 costal cartilages and aponeurosis of the oblique muscle

insertion:

Lateral lip of the intertuberclular sulcus of humerus

Question 20

What is teh origin and insertion of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 20

origin:

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

insertion:

deltoid tuberosity (V shaped) of humerus

Question 21

What comes out through the…

1. Triangular space
2. Quadrangular space
3. Triangular interval

??

Answer 21