Thorax - The Heart

Question 1

What are the features of the left atrium?

Answer 1

See notes

Question 2

What is the sinus venosis?

Answer 2

A structure of the foetal heart,which in the mammalian adult heart is the smooth part posterior to the crista terminalis

Question 3

What are the features of the right atrium?

Answer 3

1) thin walled 2) 3 openings: coronary sinus, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava 3) fossa ovalis (remnant of foramen ovale between atria) 4) interatrial septum 5) cristae terminalis (internal muscular ridge) 6) pectinate muscles anterior 7) smooth posterior 8) sulcus terminalis (external groove)

Question 4

What are the features of the left ventricle?

Answer 4

1) thick walled 2) trabeculae carnae (‘meaty ridges’) 3) mitral valve (bicuspid) 4) chordae tendinae 5) papillary muscle (anterior/posterior according to cusp) ** in right ventricle also have septal papillary muscle

Question 5

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 5

1) Rings of dense connective tissue - which valves are attached to 2) Atria are anchored by fibrous skeleton 3) electrically isolates atria and ventricles

Question 6

What are the areas of auscultation of the heart?

Answer 6

Remember

• All - aortic valve (2nd intercostal space, right strenal border)
• Patients - pulmonary valve (2nd intercostal space, left sternal border)
• Take - tricuspid valve (5th/6th intercostal space, near left sternal border)
• Medication - mitral valve (Apex, 5th intercostal space in midclavicular line)

Question 7

Decribe how the coronary veins and arteries run.

Answer 7

Question 8

Describe the layers of the heart from the inside out

Answer 8

See http://websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/Faculty/ibarjis/Teaching/Anatomy%20and%20Physiology/lecture20/Lecture/Lecture1.htm if pic doesnt open well

Question 9

What is the clinical relevance of the transverse pericardial sinus?

Answer 9

• ANTERIOR to SVC
• Superior to Left atrium
• Posterior to Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk