Lower Limb Flashcards
Features of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly
- Anteriorly
- Head of femur
- Fovea of head
- Neck of femur
- Greater trochanter
- Lesser trochanter
- Intertrochanteric line
- Shaft Lateral epicondyle Lateral condyle Medial condyle Medial epicondyle Adductor tubercle
- Posteriorly
- Intertrochanteric crest
- Pectineal line
- Gluteal tuberosity (lateral lip of linea aspera) Lateral supra condylar line
- Medial supracondylar line
Difference between condyle and epicondyle?
Both are round projections on distal part of long bone, however; Epicondyle - serves as attachment point of ligaments and tendons Condyle - serves as point of articulation with bones
Name the two types of cartilage found at the knee joint and what structures they make up
Fibrocartilage - found at menisci Hyaline cartilage - found at articular cartilage
Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh
- Sartorius
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
- Psoas major
- Iliacus (Identify on atlas)
What are the attachments for sartorius, innervation, and action of this muscle?
Attachments - ASIS of ilium to medial tibia Innervation; - femoral nerve Actions; (think sartor means tailor!) Flexion of the hip joint Lateral rotation of hip joint
What are the attachments for rectus femoris? Innervation and actions
Remember that rectus femoris is one of the muscles of quadratus femoris, it is the only muscle that extends above hip joint so has an extra action. Attatchments; Superior part of acetabulum To patella by quadriceps tendon Innervation; Femoral nerve Actions; Like all other qaudriceps muscles, it extends the knee Flexes hip
What is the superficial vein you can see medially to sartorius?
Great saphenous vein
Name the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Obturator externus Gracilis
What are the features of adductor magnum and what is the importance of one the features?
Adductor magnus is the largest medial muscle. It has a hamstring part attatches to linea aspera) and an adductor part (attaches to adductor tubercle) The adductor part has a hiatus called “adductor hiatus” which; ** transmits femoral artery and vein from anterior compartment to the popliteal fossa **
Origin and insertion of gracilis?
Origin- body and superior ramus of pubis.. and ischium
Insertion- (superior) medial shaft of tibia, posterior to sartorius insertion
Action of gracilis?
As it crosses hip and knee joint; - adducts hip joint - flexes knee joint - medially rotates knee joint
What lies deeper adductor magnus or adductor longus and brevis?
Adductor magnus lies deeper and more anteriorly you find adductor brevis and longus
What are the origins and insertions of the hamstring muscles? What actions do they each produce at the hip and knee?
Add picture
What are the muscles of the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg? Identify them here;
See picture
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg? Name the superficial and deep muscles including actions?
See picture
Name the muscles of the gluteal region. What are their actions?
Why is the common perineal or fibular nerve prone to injury?
As it passes the fibula laterally, it is not protected..
What occurs if the common fibular nerve is damaged?
Foot drop
