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MSK Anatomy > Upper Limb 3/4 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 3/4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 groups of ANTERIOR forearm muscles?

A

superficial, intermediate, and deep group

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2
Q

name the 4 ANTERIOR forearm muscles in the superficial group?

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

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3
Q

what is the attachment of the 4 superficial muscles of ANTERIOR forearm, (flexors)?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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4
Q

action of pronator teres?

A

pronation of forearm

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5
Q

what is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

median nerve (C5-T1)

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6
Q

root values of median nerve?

A

(C5-T1)

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7
Q

FUNCTION: flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flex the hand at wrist joint

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8
Q

function of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

adduction and flexion of wrist joint

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9
Q

function of flexor carpi radialis

A

abduction and flexion of wrist joint

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10
Q

INNERVATION of 4 superficial muscles of forearm?

A

median nerve – pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus

ulnar nerve – flexor carpi ulnaris

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11
Q

root values of ulnar nerve?

A

C8-T1

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12
Q

functions of brachioradialis?

A

flexion at elbow joint, pronation and supination at radio-ulnar joints

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13
Q

innervation of brachioradialis

A

radial nerve (C5-T1)

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14
Q

what is different about the brachioradialis?

A

brachioradialis is a major exception to the generalisation that the radial nerve supplies only extensor muscles and that all flexors lie in the anterior compartment.

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15
Q

what muscle is in the intermediate group of the anterior forearm muscles?

A

flexor digitorum superificialis

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16
Q

to which digits do the 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis attach to?
on which phalanx are they inserted?

function of flexor digitorum superficialis tendons?

A

D2-D5
middle phalanges

flex wrist, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, but not on the distal interphalangeal joint

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17
Q

innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

median nerve (c5-t1)

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18
Q

what are the 3 deep muscles of ANTERIOR forearm?

what are they in contact with?

A

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

they are in contact with bones and inerosseous membrane (fibrous tissue separating bones)

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19
Q

action of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

flexion of wrist and finger joints: metacarpophalangeal, distal and proximal interphalangeal joints

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20
Q

INNERVATION of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

it has dual nerve supply.
the medial aspect which flexes the D4 and D5 – ulnar nerve
the lateral aspect which flexes the D2 and D3 – median nerve

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21
Q

function of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexion of thumb

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22
Q

what muscle flexes the thumb?

A

flexor pollicis longus

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23
Q

innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

median nerve (C5-T1)

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24
Q

action and innervation of pronator quadratus?

A

pronates forearm and hand.

innervation - median nerve

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25
Q

what is the main nerve of the anterior forearm compartment?

A

median nerve

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26
Q

what is the relationship of brachial artery to median nerve in cubital fossa?

A

the median nerve is medial to the brachial artery

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27
Q

which muscles does the median nerve not supply in the forearm?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

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28
Q

how does the median nerve enter the hand?

A

by passing below the flexor retinaculum

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29
Q

how does the ulnar nerve enter forearm?

A

enters forearm by passing between heads of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

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30
Q

what is the relationship of ulnar nerve to ulnar artery?

A

ulnar nerve is medial to ulnar artery

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31
Q

can you feel ulnar a pulse?

A

no as its deeper than radial a

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32
Q

what are the 2 terminal branches of brachial artery?

A

radial and ulnar artery

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33
Q

in close relation to which part of radius does brachial artery divide into 2 terminal branches?

A

neck of radius

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34
Q

which arterial pulse can you feel medial to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

A

radial pulse

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35
Q

what is the carpal tunnel? function?

A

a passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum between the scaphoid and trapezium on lateral side and pisiform and hamate bone on medial side.

function: allows passage for long flexor tendons to thumb and fingers, and median nerve

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36
Q

contents of carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve, 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus, 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, 1 tendon of flexor pollicis longus

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37
Q

symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome? what is affected in this.
how does this happen?

A

median nerve.

pain, numbness, absence of tactile sensation and tingling in D1,2,3 and thumb side of D4

happens due to any lesion that reduces size of carpal tunnel

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38
Q

which muscle of forearm is continuous with the palmar fascia?

A

palmaris longus

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39
Q

what are the 5 compartments of muscles of hand?

A 
thenar compartment
hypothernar compartment
adductor compartment
central compartment
interosseous compartment
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40
Q

what does the central compartment of the hand contain?

A

lumbricals and long flexor tendons

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41
Q

what do the thenar muscles make up? function?

what are the 3 thenar muscles?

A

thenar eminence.
opposition of thumb.

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

42
Q

which nerve innervates muscles of thenar eminence?

A

median nerve

43
Q

root values of median nerve?

A

C5-T1

44
Q

what are the 3 hypothenar muscles?

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi

45
Q

which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

A

ulnar nerve

46
Q

root values of the nerve supplying the hypothenar muscles?

A

C8, T1 (ulnar nerve)

47
Q

what are the 2 heads of ADDUCTOR pollicis

A

transverse head and oblique head

48
Q

which nerve innervates adductor pollicis?

A

ulnar nerve (C8,T1)

49
Q

action of adductor pollicis on thumb?

A

adducts thumb towards lateral border of palm

50
Q

what are the short muscles of the hand?

A

lumbricals, palmar and dorsal interossei

51
Q

from which long flexor tendons do the lumbricals originate?

A

tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

52
Q

function of lumbricals

A

flex the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint and simultaneously extend the interphalangeal joint of D2-D5

53
Q

innervation of lumbricals?

A

medial 2 lumbricals - median nerve

lateral 2 lumbricals - ulnar nerve

54
Q

where are the interossei muscles present?

A

between the metacarpal bones

55
Q

how many interossei muscles are there? functions?

A 
4 dorsal (abduct the fingers)
3 palmar interossei (adduct the finger)
56
Q

innervation of interossei muscles

A

ulnar nerve

57
Q

lesion of which trunk affects the short muscles of hand?
which root values are involved?
what does the hand look like?

A

klumpke’s palsy – inferior trunk affected
C8, T1
claw hand

58
Q

what is the blood supply in the hand?

A

superficial palmar arch - from ulnar artery

deep palmar arch - from radial artery

59
Q

what do the arterial arches in the hand provide?

A

collateral circulation in hand

60
Q

which nerve supply muscles of hand

A

median and ulnar nerves

61
Q

how does the median nerve enter hand

A

through carpal tunnel, deep to the flexor retinaculum

62
Q

ulnar nerve innervates most of the intrinsic muscles of hand except..

A

thenar muscles and first and second lumbricals

63
Q

the medial and ulnar nerves carry the segmental fibres of ____ to innervate the intrinsic muscles of hands?

A

C8 and T1

64
Q

the ulnar nerve is a branch of which cord of brachial plexus?

A

medial cord

65
Q

root values of radial nerve

A

C6-C8

66
Q

name all the carpal bones (8) (going clockwise towards thumb)

A

capitate, trapezoid, trapezium, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate

67
Q

what type of joint is wrist joint?

A

synovial condyloid or ellipsoid joint

68
Q

which bone or structure forms the proximal part of wrist joint?
what forms the distal articular part?

A

proximal - distal end of radius and articular disc

distal - proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform)
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

69
Q

actions at wrist joint?

A

flexion, extension, circumduction, ulnar deviation (adductin), radial deviation (abduction)

70
Q

what is the action of most of the anterior compartment muscles of forearm on wrist joint?

A

flexion

71
Q

what is the combines action of extensor and flexor carpi ulnaris muscle on the wrist joint?

A

adduction, cause medial deviation

72
Q

which muscles are responsible for abduction of wrist joint?

A

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
flexor carpi radialis

73
Q

what is the action of most of the posterior compartment muscles of forearm on wrist joint?

A

extension

74
Q

what is the wrist joint also known as

A

radiocarpal joint

75
Q

what are the 3 functional groups of muscles in posterior forearm?
name all muscles.

A
  • muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at wrist joint
    extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
  • muscles that extend the medial 4 digits
    extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi
  • muscles that extend or abduct the thumb
    abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus
76
Q

what muscles extend and abduct or adduct the hand at wrist joint?

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

77
Q

what is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis on wrist joint?

A

they extend and abduct the wrist joint

78
Q

function of extensor digitorum and where does it arise from?

A

extensor of fingers and wrist. arises from common extensor origin lateral epicondyle.

79
Q

what is the common flexor origin?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

80
Q

what is the common extensor origin?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

81
Q

name all thumb movements

A

abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, opposition, reposition

82
Q

which nerve innervates all muscles of posterior compartment of forearm

A

radial nerve

83
Q

action of extensor digitorum

A

extends medial 4 digits at MCP joints

84
Q

action of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

extension and abduction at wrist joint

85
Q

action of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

extension and abduction at wrist joint

86
Q

action of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extension and adduction at wrist joint

87
Q

action of extensor digiti minimi

A

extends 5th finger at MCP joint

88
Q

another name for the deep branch of radial nerve and where does it lie

A

posterior interosseous nerve, supinator m

89
Q

innervation of supinator

A

deep branch of radial nerve - posterior interosseous nerve

90
Q

what does the superficial branch of radial nerve do

A

its sensory, goes to dorsum of hand

91
Q

where do the main superficial veins of upper limb lie? what is this called?

A

they lie in subcutaneous tissue on dorsum of hand

called the dorsal venous arch

92
Q

name a clinical pathological sign you may see on dorsum of hand

A

synovial cyst or ganglion. most often they communicate with the synobial sheaths covering the tendons.

93
Q

what are the deep muscles of posterior thumb?

A

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus (APL, EPB and EPL)

94
Q

what is the snuff box and which tendons bound it laterally, which bound it medially?

A

a shallow depression of lateral aspect of wrist when thumb is extended fully.

abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis - laterally bound it
extensor pollicis longus - bound it medially

95
Q

what are the 2 carpal bones you can feel in the anatomical snuff box?

A

scaphoid and trapezium

96
Q

which artery lies on the floor of the snuff box?

A

radial artery

97
Q

which nerve innervates Extensor Pollicis Longus, EPB and Abductor pollicis longus

A

deep branch of radial nerve

98
Q

actions of Extensor Pollicis Longus, EPB and Abductor pollicis longus?

A

Extensor Pollicis Longus - extension of thumb
EPB - extension of thumb
Abductor pollicis longus - abduction and extension of thumb

99
Q

what is an extensor expansion

A

the extensor digitorum tendons flatten to form extensor expansions. each extensor expansion is a tendinous aponeurosis by which the extensor tendons insert into the phalanges.

100
Q

what muscles attach to the extensor expansions?? (9)

A 
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor radialis longus and brevis
extensor digiti minimi
extensor digitorum
extensor indicis
abductor pollicus longus
extensor pollicis longus and brevis

MSK Anatomy (7 decks)

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