Lower Limb 3

Question 1

what are the 3 compartments of the leg

Answer 1

anterior, lateral, posterior c

Question 2

4 muscles of the anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 2

1. tibialis anterior
2. extensor digitorum longus
3. extensor hallucis longus
4. fibularis tertius

Question 3

function of muscles of anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 3

dorsiflexors of ankle joint, extensors of toes

Question 4

which one is more medial - tibial or common fibular?

Answer 4

tibial nerve

Question 5

what does the common fibular nerve divide into?

Answer 5

superficial and deep fibular nerve

Question 6

what does the anterior tibial artery become as it crosses the ankle joint?

Answer 6

dorsalis pedis artery of the foot

Question 7

what are the 2 divisions of the sciatic nerve? where does it generally divide?

Answer 7

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve (lateral).

divides around the popliteal fossa

Question 8

which branch of the common fibular nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of leg?
what muscles does it innervate>

Answer 8

Deep fibular nerve: Innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg; tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius

Question 9

which terminal branch of the popliteal artery supplies the anterior leg?

Answer 9

anterior tibial artery

Question 10

which artery runs midway between the malleoli, anteriorly?

Answer 10

dorsalis pedis artery of the foot

Question 11

what is the term fibularis interchangeable with?

Answer 11

peroneus

Question 12

which 2 muscles does the lateral compartment of the leg contain?

Answer 12

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

Question 13

function of muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 13

eversion of foot, weakly plantarflexes the ankle joint

Question 14

which nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 14

superficial fibular nerve

Question 15

what does injury to the common fibular nerve result in?

why does this injury happen?

Answer 15

foot drop
reason for injury - fibular n is superficial, it winds subcutaenously around fibular neck and thus is vulnerable to direct trauma

Question 16

which group of muscles of leg are affected in foot drop?

Answer 16

all muscles in anterior and lateral compartments of leg (dorsiflexors of ankle and evertors of foot)

Question 17

what type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 17

hinge synovial joint

Question 18

what do the transverse part of posterior tibio-fibular ligament and lower end of tibia and fibula form>

Answer 18

a malleolar mortise (deep socket)

Question 19

what are the articular surfaces of the ankle?

Answer 19

the distal end of the tibia and fibula with the superior part of the talus bone

Question 20

1. what do the malleoli grip tightly during the movements of ankle joint?
2. when is the malleolar grip strongest?
3. when is the ankle joint unstable?

Answer 20

1. the malleoli grip the talus tightly during movements of ankle joint.
2. during dorsiflexion of ankle joint
3. unstable during plantarflexion of ankle joint

Question 21

which ligament of ankle joint is weakest?

Answer 21

lateral ligament

Question 22

which ligament of the ankle joint is named the deltoid ligament?

Answer 22

medial ligament

Question 23

what is the medial ligament of the ankle also called?

Answer 23

deltoid ligament

Question 24

what are the parts of the medial ligament of ankle joint?

Answer 24

tibionavicular, tibiocalaneal, posterior tibiotaler

Question 25

what are the parts of the lateral ligament of ankle joint?

Answer 25

anterior and posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

Question 26

what is an ankle sprain and during which movements of subtalar joint are ankle sprains more common?

which ligament is most commonly torn in ankle sprains?

Answer 26

ankle sprain is torn fibres of ankle ligament.
common during inversion, involving twisting of the weight bearing plantarflexed foot. the anterior talofibular ligament (part of lateral ligament) is most commonly torn furing ankle sprains.

Question 27

what muscles carry out dorsiflexion at ankle joint? (4)

Answer 27

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

Question 28

what is true extension and what is true flexion at the foot?

Answer 28

dorsiflexion = true extension
plantarflexion = true flexion

Question 29

which muscles carry out plantarflexion at ankle joint? (7)

Answer 29

gastrocnemius
soleus
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus

Question 30

what type of joints are the superior and inferior tibio-fibular joints?

Answer 30

superior = plane type of synovial joint

inferior/ distal = compound fibrous joint

Question 31

another name for distal tibio-fibular joint?

Answer 31

tibiofibular syndesmosis