Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK Anatomy > Lower Limb 2 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pelvic girdle joined by anteriorly, and posteriorly?

A

anteriorly - pubic symphysis

posteriorly - sacroiliac joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what passes through the great sciatic foramen?

A

piriformis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis?

A

greater sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving the perineum?

A

lesser sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 muscles in superficial layer of gluteal region?

A
  1. gluteus maximus
  2. gluteus medius
  3. gluteus minimus
  4. tensor fasciae latae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 muscles in deep layer of gluteal region?

A
  1. piriformis
  2. obturator internus
  3. superior and inferior gemelli
  4. quadratus femoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the deep fascia of the thigh called?

A

fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which part of the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract?

A

the lateral inferior part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 2 muscles attached to iliotibial tract?

A

tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the actions of gluteus maximus muscle?

A

extension

external/ lateral rotation of hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the action of gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae?

A

they are abductors and internal/medial rotators of hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which nerve innervates the gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae?

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the action of deep muscles of the gluteal region on the hip joint?

A

they are stabilisers of hip joint and lateral/externally rotate the hip joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do the deep muscles of the gluteal region stabilise the hip joint?

A

by pulling the femoral head into the acetabulum of pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which muscle is the sacral plexus anterior to?

A

piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what nerves is the sacral plexus formed by

A

ventral rami of L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what nerves are the 2 main branches of sacral plexus?

A

sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what 2 nerves does the sciatic nerve divide into? and at what point?

A

tibial and common fibular nerve

around the popliteal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the lumbosacral trunk formed by?

A

L4 and L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 2 pairs of gluteal nerves?

A

superior and inferior gluteal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the root value of superior gluteal nerve

A

L4 - S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve?

A
  1. gluteus medius
  2. gluteus minimus
  3. tensor fascia lata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

whats the root value of inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5- S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does the inferior gluteal nerve supply?

A

gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

name all the important branches of the sacral plexus.

A

sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve, nerve to piriformis (S1, S2), posterior femoral cutaneous, nerve to quadratus femoris, nerve to obturator internus, nerve to levator ani and coccygeus

27
Q

whats the largest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic nerve

28
Q

inferior to which muscle does the sciatic nerve emerge in the gluteal region?

A

piriformis

29
Q

what are the 2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?

A
  1. tibial nerve

2. common fibular nerve

30
Q

does the sciatic nerve supply any muscles in the gluteal region? what does it supply

A

no - it supplies posterior thigh, and adductor magnus

31
Q

what do the hamstrings act on?

A

the hip and knee joint

32
Q

whats the order of the hamstrings from lateral to medial?

A
  1. biceps femoris (2 heads)- short head, then long head.
  2. semitendinosus
  3. semimembranosus
33
Q

what is the action of the hamstrings on the hip and knee joint?

A

hip joint - extension

knee joint - flexion

34
Q

which nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles? apart from____

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2). apart from short head of biceps femoris which is supplied by common fibular nerve.

35
Q

what type of joint is the knee joint?

A

hinge synovial joint

36
Q

what movements can occur at knee joint?

A

flexion, extension, small rotation movements (Active and passive)

37
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A

medial and lateral condyles of femur, tibia, posterior surface of patella

38
Q

which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint?

A

fibula

39
Q

what does the stability of the knee joint depend on

A

strength and action of surrounding muscles, their tendons and ligaments connecting the femur and tibia

40
Q

what is the most important muscle which helps to stabilise the knee joint?

A

quadriceps femoris - particularly the inferior fibres of vastus medialis and lateralis

41
Q

where does the fibular or lateral collateral ligament (LCL) extend from?

A

extends from the lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of head of the fibula

42
Q

another name for the lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?

A

fibular collateral ligament

43
Q

what muscle passes deep to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and separates it from lateral meniscus?

A

popliteus muscle

44
Q

what does the popliteus muscle separate the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) from?

A

from the lateral meniscus

45
Q

where does the tibial or medial collateral ligament (MCL) extend from?

A

from the medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle and upper part of the medial surface of tibia

46
Q

another name for medial collateral ligament? (MCL)

A

tibial collateral ligament

47
Q

what is the medial collateral ligament (MCL) attached to at its midpoint?

A

medial meniscus

48
Q

why is the firm attachment of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) to the medial meniscus clinically important?

A

tearing of MCL frequently results in tearing of medial meniscus. this injury is usually caused by blow to lateral side of the extended knee – which tears medial meniscus from joint capsule

49
Q

what are the 2 cruciate ligaments?

A

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

50
Q

function of anterior cruciate ligament?

A

prevents anterior movement of the tibia off of the femur and prevents hyperextension of knee

51
Q

why is the ACL prone to injury?

A

has a poor blood supply

52
Q

function of posterior cruciate ligament?

A

prevents posterior movement of the tibia off of the femur.

53
Q

what are the 2 menisci?

which meniscus is larger?

A

medial and lateral meniscus

medial is larger

54
Q

what are menisci

A

C shaped plates of fibrocartilage on the articular surface of tibia

55
Q

what are the main functions of the menisci?

A

deepen the articular surface of tibia and shock absorption

56
Q

which meniscus firmly adheres to the deep surface of the tibial or medial collateral ligament?

A

medial meniscus

57
Q

what is the ‘unhappy triad’ of knee injuries?

A

impacts to the knee generally come from a lateral direction. this puts load on the medial collateral ligament which is attached to the medial meniscus and both tear. this puts load on the ACL which then tears, leading to 3 injuries in one – the unhappy triad.

58
Q

name all the muscles that flex the knee

A 
hamstring muscles - biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semiembranosus
gracilis
sartorius
popliteus
gastrocnemius
59
Q

name all the muscles that extend the knee

A

quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

60
Q

what is the quadriceps femoris and what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

A

The quadriceps femoris is a group of muscles located in the front of the thigh.
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

61
Q

name all the important bursae around the knee

A

suprapatellar bursa, subcutaenous prepatellar bursa, deep infrapatellar bursa, subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

62
Q

what is prepatellar bursitis

A

infection/inflammation of bursa caused by friction between the skin and the patella. the bursa may distend with fluid and form a swelling in front of the knee

63
Q

which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint?

A

suprapatellar bursa

64
Q

what is the clinical significance of the suprapatellar bursa communicating w the articular cavity of the knee joint?

A

abrasions or penetrating wounds superior to patella may result in suprapatellar bursitis caused by bacteria entering the bursa from the torn skin. the infection may spread to the knee joint.

MSK Anatomy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions