upper limb Flashcards
What is the cubital fossa?
triangular shaped depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow
Boundaries of the cubital fossa?
boundaries:
lateral : brachioradialis muscle
medial : promatir teres muscle
imaginary horizontal lines between medial and lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Major Contents of cubital fossa?
brachial artery, median nerve, tendon of biceps brachii
Three major areas of transition between different parts of the limb?
axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel
Walls of the carpal tunnel?
posteriorly: carpal tunnel
anteriorly : flexor retinaculum
laterally : tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium
medially : hook of hamate and pisiform
Attachments of flexor retinaculum?
Attached to tubercle of scaphoid bone and ridge of trapezium laterally and pisiform and hook of hamate medially.
Contents of the carpal tunnel?
median nerve & all long flexor tendons (4 of the flexor digitorum profundusm 4 of the flexor digitorum superficialis, and tendon of flexor pollicis longus)
Bones of the shoulder
scapula, clavicle, proximal end of humerus
bones and muscles of upper extremity
bones : shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, hand
muscles: deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii
brachial plexus
brachial plexus is a network of nerves that supply the upper limb, playing vital role in motor and sensory functions.
What is the name of the bone that forms the upper arm?
Humerus
Which two bones make up the forearm?
Radius and Ulna
What is the anatomical term for the shoulder blade?
Scapula
How many bones are in the human hand?
27
True or False: The clavicle is also known as the collarbone.
True
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
Ball-and-socket joint
Fill in the blank: The ________ joint connects the humerus to the scapula.
Glenohumeral
What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
To stabilize the shoulder joint
Which nerve is primarily responsible for the sensation in the thumb, index, and middle fingers?
Median nerve
What is the name of the largest nerve in the upper limb?
Brachial plexus
True or False: The ulnar nerve runs along the inner side of the arm.
True
What is the main artery supplying blood to the upper limb?
Subclavian artery
Which artery continues as the brachial artery in the arm?
Axillary artery
Fill in the blank: The ________ artery supplies blood to the forearm and hand.
Radial
What is the name of the joint between the radius and ulna at the wrist?
Distal radioulnar joint
What muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow?
Biceps brachii
Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the elbow?
Triceps brachii
True or False: The flexor muscles of the forearm are located on the anterior side.
True
What is the primary action of the deltoid muscle?
Shoulder abduction
What structure connects muscles to bones?
Tendons
Fill in the blank: The ________ nerve is responsible for wrist flexion.
Median
What is the name of the joint between the metacarpals and phalanges?
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Which muscle group is responsible for the opposition of the thumb?
Thenar muscles
What is the primary function of the triceps muscle?
Extension of the elbow
True or False: The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid muscle.
True
What is the main function of the serratus anterior muscle?
Scapular protraction
Fill in the blank: The ________ artery is a branch of the brachial artery that supplies the elbow.
Profunda brachii
What is the role of the interosseous membrane in the forearm?
To connect the radius and ulna
Which muscle is primarily responsible for pronation of the forearm?
Pronator teres
What is the main action of the pectoralis major muscle?
Adduction and internal rotation of the shoulder
True or False: The radial nerve is responsible for wrist extension.
True
What is the name of the bone that forms the wrist?
Carpals
How many carpal bones are in the human wrist?
8
What is the name of the joint that allows for thumb opposition?
Carpometacarpal joint
Fill in the blank: The ________ nerve supplies sensation to the little finger.
Ulnar
What is the primary action of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexion of the distal phalanges
Which muscle acts as a powerful supinator of the forearm?
Biceps brachii
True or False: The suprascapular nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle.
True
What is the function of the coracobrachialis muscle?
Flexion and adduction of the arm
Fill in the blank: The ________ artery branches off the axillary artery and supplies the shoulder.
Thoracoacromial
What is the primary function of the extensor carpi radialis muscles?
Wrist extension and abduction
Which joint allows for flexion and extension of the elbow?
Hinge joint
True or False: The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel.
True
What is the name of the ligament that stabilizes the shoulder joint?
Glenohumeral ligament
