LUNGS&PLEURA (MCQS,TF,FITB) Flashcards
1
Q
- The trachea is lined with which type of epithelium?
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D. Transitional epithelium
A
C
2
Q
The right lung has how many lobes?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
A
C
3
Q
The left lung has how many lobes?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
A
B
4
Q
The visceral pleura covers:
A. The inner surface of the thoracic cavity
B. The outer surface of the lungs
C. The trachea
D. The heart
A
B
5
Q
The parietal pleura lines:
A. The outer surface of the lungs
B. The inner surface of the thoracic cavity
C. The bronchi
D. The alveoli
A
B
6
Q
. The space between the visceral and parietal pleura is called the:
A. Pleural cavity
B. Pericardial cavity
C. Abdominal cavity
D. Mediastinum
A
A
7
Q
Which of the following is the main function of the cilia in the trachea?
A. To secrete mucus
B. To trap foreign particles
C. To move mucus and trapped particles towards the pharynx
D. To absorb oxygen
A
C
8
Q
The trachea bifurcates into the:
A. Left and right primary bronchi
B. Left and right secondary bronchi
C. Left and right tertiary bronchi
D. Bronchioles
A
A
9
Q
The bronchioles end in structures called:
A. Alveolar ducts
B. Alveolar sacs
C. Terminal bronchioles
D. Respiratory bronchioles
A
B
10
Q
The pleural fluid in the pleural cavity serves to:
A. Lubricate the pleural surfaces
B. Provide nutrients to the lungs
C. Filter air
D. Transport oxygen
A
A
11
Q
Which bronchus is more vertical, shorter, and wider, making it more likely for foreign objects to enter?
A. Left primary bronchus
B. Right primary bronchus
C. Left secondary bronchus
D. Right secondary bronchus
A
B
12
Q
The trachea extends from the:
A. Nasopharynx to the larynx
B. Larynx to the carina
C. Carina to the bronchioles
D. Pharynx to the bronchi
A
B
13
Q
The alveoli are the site of:
A. Air filtration
B. Gas exchange
C. Mucus production
D. Ciliary movement
A
B
14
Q
. The respiratory membrane is composed of:
A. The alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium
B. The tracheal epithelium and pleural membrane
C. The bronchiolar epithelium and alveolar sacs
D. The parietal and visceral pleura
A
A
15
Q
Which of the following muscles is involved in forced expiration?
A. Diaphragm
B. External intercostals
C. Internal intercostals
D. Sternocleidomastoid
A
C
16
Q
The hilum of the lung is the region where:
A. The bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lung
B. The alveoli are located
C. The pleural cavity is formed
D. The trachea connects to the lung
A
A
17
Q
The trachea is approximately how long in an adult?
A. 5 - 7 cm
B. 10 - 12 cm
C. 15 - 17 cm
D. 20 - 22 cm
A
B
18
Q
The pleura is a serous membrane, which means it:
A. Secretes mucus
B. Secretes serous fluid
C. Absorbs nutrients
D. Filters air
A
B
19
Q
The bronchi are made up of:
A. Cartilage, smooth muscle, and connective tissue
B. Bone, smooth muscle, and epithelial tissue
C. Nerve tissue, cartilage, and adipose tissue
D. Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and epithelial tissue
A
A
20
Q
Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?
A. Gas exchange
B. Filtration of blood
C. Vocalization (in part)
D. Acid - base balance regulation
A
B
21
Q
The secondary bronchi supply:
A. Entire lobes of the lungs
B. Segments of the lung lobes
C. Alveolar sacs
D. The trachea
A
A
22
Q
The pleural cavity normally contains:
A. A large amount of air
B. A small amount of serous fluid
C. Blood
D. Lymph
A
B
23
Q
The trachealis muscle is located:
A. Anterior to the trachea
B. Posterior to the trachea
C. Lateral to the trachea
D. Within the tracheal cartilage rings
A
B
24
Q
The alveolar macrophages are responsible for:
A. Producing surfactant
B. Phagocytosing foreign particles in the alveoli
C. Contracting to facilitate gas exchange
D. Secreting mucus in the alveoli
A
B
25
The hilum of the lung is the region where:
A. The bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lung
B. The alveoli are located
C. The pleural cavity is formed
D. The trachea connects to the lung
A
26
The main function of surfactant in the alveoli is to:
A. Increase surface tension
B. Decrease surface tension
C. Trap foreign particles
D. Transport oxygen
B
27
The bronchial tree is the collective name for:
A. The trachea and primary bronchi
B. The primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi
C. All the air - conducting passages from the trachea to the alveoli
D. The bronchioles and alveoli
C
28
The carina is:
A. The point of bifurcation of the trachea
B. The opening of the trachea into the larynx
C. The entrance of the bronchi into the lungs
D. The structure that separates the right and left pleural cavities
A
29
The right middle lobe of the lung is supplied by the:
A. Right primary bronchus
B. Right superior secondary bronchus
C. Right middle secondary bronchus
D. Right inferior secondary bronchus
C
30
The pleural reflection at the costophrenic angle is important because:
A. It is the site of maximum gas exchange
B. It is a potential space that can accumulate fluid
C. It contains the major blood vessels of the lung
D. It is the attachment site for the diaphragm
B
31
The bronchioles lack:
A. Cartilage
B. Smooth muscle
C. Epithelial lining
D. Nerve supply
A
32
The pulmonary arteries carry:
A. Oxygenated blood to the lungs
B. Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
C. Oxygenated blood away from the lungs
D. Deoxygenated blood away from the lungs
B
33
The pulmonary veins carry:
A. Oxygenated blood to the lungs
B. Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
C. Oxygenated blood away from the lungs
D. Deoxygenated blood away from the lungs
C
34
The tracheal cartilages are C - shaped to:
A. Allow for expansion during inspiration
B. Facilitate the passage of food in the esophagus (which lies posterior to the trachea)
C. Provide structural support
D. Both B and C
D
35
The respiratory bronchioles are characterized by:
A. The presence of alveoli in their walls
B. The absence of smooth muscle
C. The presence of large amounts of cartilage
D. Their role in air filtration
A
36
In which part of the respiratory system does most of the gas exchange occur?
A. Trachea
B. Bronchi
C. Bronchioles
D. Alveoli
D
37
The pleural cavity pressure is normally:
A. Greater than atmospheric pressure
B. Equal to atmospheric pressure
C. Less than atmospheric pressure
D. Variable depending on the phase of respiration
C
38
The azygos vein arches over which structure before draining into the superior vena cava?
A. Right primary bronchus
B. Left primary bronchus
C. Trachea
D. Esophagus
A
39
The bronchopulmonary segments are supplied by:
A. Primary bronchi
B. Secondary bronchi
C. Tertiary bronchi
D. Bronchioles
C
40
The sympathetic innervation of the lungs causes:
A. Bronchoconstriction
B. Bronchodilation
C. Increased mucus secretion
D. Decreased respiratory rate
B
41
The parasympathetic innervation of the lungs causes:
A. Bronchoconstriction
B. Bronchodilation
C. Decreased mucus secretion
D. Increased respiratory rate
A
42
The hilum of the lung is located on the:
A. Anterior surface of the lung
B. Posterior surface of the lung
C. Medial surface of the lung
D. Lateral surface of the lung
C
43
The alveoli are surrounded by a network of:
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Lymphatic vessels
C
44
The trachea lies anterior to the:
A. Esophagus
B. Spinal cord
C. Heart
D. Aorta
A
45
The right lung is larger than the left lung because:
A. It has more lobes
B. The heart occupies more space on the left side
C. It has a larger pleural cavity
D. Both A and B
D
46
The bronchioles divide into:
A. Terminal bronchioles
B. Respiratory bronchioles
C. Alveolar ducts
D. Alveolar sacs
A
47
The pleura helps in:
A. Reducing friction during lung movement
B. Providing nutrients to the lungs
C. Filtering air entering the lungs
D. Regulating blood flow to the lungs
A
48
The trachea is supported by:
A. Rings of hyaline cartilage
B. Fibrous connective tissue
C. Smooth muscle alone
D. Elastic fibers
A
49
The alveolar type I cells are responsible for:
A. Gas exchange
B. Producing surfactant
C. Phagocytosis
D. Mucus production
A
50
The alveolar type II cells are responsible for:
A. Gas exchange
B. Producing surfactant
C. Phagocytosis
D. Filtering air
B
51
The main function of the lungs in the respiratory system is to:
A. Inhale and exhale air
B. Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood
C. Warm and humidify the incoming air
D. Filter the incoming air
B
52
The trachea is lined with
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium which helps in moving mucus and trapped particles.
53
The right lung has___, while the left lung has___
three lobes
two lobes.
54
The visceral pleura covers
the outer surface of the lungs,
55
the parietal pleura lines the
inner surface of the thoracic cavity.
56
The space between the visceral and parietal pleura is called
the pleural cavity, which contains a small amount of serous fluid for lubrication.
57
The trachea bifurcates into
the left and right primary bronchi at the level of the carina.
58
The bronchioles end in
alveolar sacs, which are the sites of gas exchange.
59
The main function of the cilia in the trachea is
to move mucus and trapped particles towards the pharynx.
60
The respiratory membrane is composed of
the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium.
61
The hilum of the lung is the region where
the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lung.
62
The trachea is approximately
10 - 12 cm long in an adult.
63
The pleura is a
serous membrane that secretes serous fluid.
64
The bronchi are made up of
cartilage, smooth muscle, and connective tissue.
65
The secondary bronchi supply
entire lobes of the lungs
66
the tertiary bronchi supply
bronchopulmonary segments.
67
The alveolar macrophages are responsible for
phagocytosing foreign particles in the alveoli
68
The main function of surfactant in the alveoli is
to decrease surface tension
69
The bronchial tree is
the collective name for all the air - conducting passages from the trachea to the alveoli.
70
The costophrenic angle is
a potential space in the pleural cavity where fluid can accumulate.
71
The bronchioles lack cartilage, but have smooth muscle that can
control the diameter of airways
72
The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to
carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs,
73
the pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood away from the lungs.
74
The tracheal cartilages are
C - shaped to allow for the passage of food in the esophagus which lies posterior to the trachea and to provide structural support.
75
The respiratory bronchioles have
alveoli in their walls and are involved in gas exchange
76
Most of the gas exchange in the respiratory system occurs in the
alveoli
77
The pressure in the pleural cavity is
normally less than atmospheric pressure.
78
The azygos vein arches over
the right primary bronchus before draining into the superior vena cava.
79
The sympathetic innervation of the lungs causes
bronchodilation,m
80
the parasympathetic innervation causes.
bronchoconstriction
81
The hilum of the lung is located on
the medial surface of the lung.
82
The alveoli are surrounded by
a network of capillaries for efficient gas exchange.
83
The trachea lies
anterior to the esophagus in the neck and thoracic regions.
84
The right lung is larger than the left lung because
it has more lobes and the heart occupies more space on the left side.
85
The bronchioles divide into
terminal bronchioles
86
terminal bronchioles further divide into
respiratory bronchioles
87
The pleura helps in
reducing friction during lung movement within the thoracic cavity.
88
The trachea is supported by
rings of hyaline cartilage that prevent it from collapsing.
89
The alveolar type I cells are
thin - walled cells mainly responsible for gas exchange.
90
The alveolar type II cells are
responsible for producing surfactant
91
The main function of the lungs is to
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood.
92
The pleural fluid in the pleural cavity reduces friction and
helps in the adhesion of the lungs to the thoracic wall during breathing
93
The carina is
a ridge - like structure at the bifurcation of the trachea.
94
The bronchopulmonary segments are
the smallest functional units of the lung and are supplied by tertiary bronchi.
95
The smooth muscle in the bronchi and bronchioles can be stimulated by various factors, such as
hormones and neurotransmitters, to change airway diameter.
96
The lungs are protected by
the rib cage and the pleural membranes.
97
The mucus - producing cells in the trachea and bronchi are called
goblet cells
98
The respiratory zone of the respiratory system starts from the
respiratory bronchioles and includes alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs.
99
The conducting zone of the respiratory system includes
the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles and is mainly responsible for transporting air.
100
The pleural cavity is
a potential space, meaning it is normally collapsed but can expand under certain pathological conditions.
101
The pulmonary circulation is
a low - pressure system compared to the systemic circulation.
102
. The elastic recoil of the lungs helps in
process of respiration
103
. The trachealis muscle, located
posterior to the trachea, can constrict the tracheal lumen.
104
The alveoli have a large surface area to
facilitate efficient gas exchange.
105
The pleural reflection at different areas of the thoracic cavity defines
the boundaries of the pleural cavity.
106
The pulmonary ventilation is
the process of moving air in and out of the lungs, which involves the coordinated action of the respiratory muscles and the properties of the lungs and pleura.
107
The trachea is located anterior to the esophagus
TRUE
108
The left lung has three lobes.
(False, the left lung has two lobes.)
109
The pleural cavity contains a large amount of air.
(False, it contains a small amount of serous fluid.)
110
The alveoli are the sites of gas exchange.
TRUE
111
. The bronchioles have cartilage in their walls.
(False, they lack cartilage.)
112
The right primary bronchus is more vertical than the left.
TRUE
113
The visceral pleura lines the thoracic cavity.
(False, the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity, and the visceral pleura covers the lungs.)
114
Surfactant increases the surface tension in the alveoli.
(False, it decreases surface tension.)
115
The trachea is made up of smooth muscle only.
(False, it has C - shaped cartilage rings and smooth muscle.)
116
The lungs are located in the abdominal cavity.
(False, they are in the thoracic cavity.)
117
The tertiary bronchi supply bronchopulmonary segments.
TRUE
118
The pleural fluid helps in reducing friction during breathing
TRUE
119
The alveolar type I cells produce surfactant
. (False, alveolar type II cells produce surfactant.)
120
The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood.
(False, they carry deoxygenated blood.)
121
The carina is the point where the trachea branches into the bronchi.
TRUE
122
The bronchi are part of the respiratory zone.
(False, they are part of the conducting zone.)
123
The costophrenic angle is a part of the pleural cavity.
TRUE
124
The lungs have a rich blood supply.
TRUE
125
. The trachea is approximately 20 - 25 cm long in adults.
(False, it is about 10 - 12 cm long.)
126
The sympathetic nervous system causes bronchoconstriction.
(False, it causes bronchodilation.)
127
The right lung is smaller than the left lung.
(False, the right lung is larger.)
128
The pleura is a mucous membrane.
(False, it is a serous membrane.)
129
The terminal bronchioles lead to the respiratory bronchioles.
True
130
The alveoli are surrounded by a network of lymphatic vessels.
(False, they are surrounded by capillaries.)
131
The trachea bifurcates at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra
TRUE
132
The bronchioles are involved in gas exchange.
(False, mainly the alveoli are involved in gas exchange.)
133
The pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood.
(False, they carry oxygenated blood.)
134
The visceral pleura is in direct contact with the parietal pleura
. (False, there is a thin layer of pleural fluid between them.)
135
The cilia in the trachea move mucus and particles downward
. (False, they move them upward towards the pharynx.)
136
The lungs are separated by the mediastinum
TRUE
137
The bronchi have smooth muscle that can control their diameter.
TRUE
138
The respiratory membrane is composed of the alveolar epithelium only.
(False, it includes the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium.)
139
The hilum of the lung is where the blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
TRUE
140
The pleural cavity has a positive pressure compared to the atmosphere.
(False, it has a negative pressure.)
141
The azygos vein arches over the left primary bronchus.
(False, it arches over the right primary bronchus.)
142
The tracheal cartilages are O - shaped.
(False, they are C - shaped.)
143
The alveolar macrophages help in removing foreign particles from the alveoli.
TRUE
144
The conducting zone of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange.
(False, it is for air transport.)
145
The pleural reflection defines the boundaries of the pleural cavity.
TRUE
146
The elastic recoil of the lungs helps in inspiration.
(False, it helps in expiration.)
147
The trachealis muscle can relax to increase the tracheal diameter.
TRUE
148
The lungs have a single blood supply.
(False, they have the pulmonary and bronchial circulations.)
149
The terminal bronchioles are the smallest airways in the conducting zone
TRUE
150
The serous fluid in the pleural cavity is produced by the pleura
TRUE
151
. The alveoli have a small surface area
(False, they have a large surface area.)
152
The parasympathetic nervous system causes bronchodilation
. (False, it causes bronchoconstriction.)
153
. The bronchi divide into smaller branches called bronchioles.
TRUE
154
The pleura is continuous with the pericardium.
(False, they are separate structures.)
155
The pulmonary ventilation is the process of gas exchange in the lungs.
(False, it is the movement of air in and out of the lungs.)
156
The lungs are covered by a single layer of cells.
(False, they have multiple layers of cells including the alveolar epithelium and others.)
