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ANAT20006 > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 key features of the clavicle?

A
  1. sternal and acromial ends
  2. ’s’ curvature
  3. rough inferior surface
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2
Q

what is the purpose of the clavicle in terms of the appendicular/axial skeleton?

A

only upper limb articulation between appendicular and axial skeletons

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3
Q

what are the 4 key features of the scapula?

A
  1. spine of scapula (remember the RC muscles)
  2. acromion and coracoid processes
  3. glenoid fossae
  4. fossa for mm. attachment
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4
Q

what are the two clavicular joints?

A
  1. sternoclavicular joint
  2. acromioclavicular joint
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5
Q

what are three features of the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  1. synovial saddle joint
  2. intraarticular disc
  3. strong capsule and costoclavicular ligament
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6
Q

what are 2 features of the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  1. synovial plane joint
  2. strong coracoclavicular ligament, but weak capsule
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7
Q

what are the 6 key features of the humerus? (refer to image in lecture 6.1)

A
  1. head
  2. neck (anatomical and surgical)
  3. tubercles (greater and lesser)
  4. bicipital groove
  5. epicondyles (lateral and medial)
  6. condyles (capitulum and trochlea)
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8
Q

what are 3 key features of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. synovial ball and socket
  2. mostly incongruent (bc. large humeral head and shallow glenoid fossa)
  3. loose joint capsule, so unstable
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9
Q

what are 3 supportive features of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. labrum
  2. rotator cuff muscles, long head of biceps brachii
  3. glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments
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10
Q

how is the ulna and radius connected to each other?

A

through an interosseous membrane

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11
Q

what are the 3 articulations the ulna and radius have?

A
  1. x2 with each other
  2. both with humerus
  3. radius with carpal bones
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12
Q

what are 3 features of the elbow joint?

A
  1. synovial hinge joint
  2. strong collateral ligament support
  3. humeroulnar is primary bony contact
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13
Q

what are 3 features of the distal radioulnar joint?

A
  1. synovial pivot joint
  2. ulnar head articulates with ulnar notch on the radius
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14
Q

what are 3 features of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A
  1. synovial pivot joint
  2. radial joint articulates with radial notch on ulna
  3. annular ligament encircles radial head
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15
Q

What are the 4 major landmarks of a typical vertebra?

A
  1. vertebral body
  2. vertebral arch - pedicles and lamina (forms vertebral foramen)
  3. spinous and transverse process (muscle/ligament attachment)
  4. articular processes
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16
Q

What goes in the vertebral foramen?

A
  1. spinal nerve roots
  2. dorsal root ganglia
  3. vessels
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17
Q

What are the EXTRINSIC muscles of the back?

A
  1. trapezius
  2. latissimus dorsi
  3. levator scapulae
  4. rhomboid minor
  5. rhomboid major
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18
Q

What is the INTRINSIC muscle of the back and what are its actions?

A

erector spinae
concentrically extends trunk
eccentrically flexes trunk

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19
Q

What muscles are deep to the erector spinae and what do they do?

A

transversospinalis
control fine movements at vertebrae

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20
Q

What type of joint is the proximal distal radioulnar joint?

A

synovial pivot joint

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21
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

condyloid joint (LOTS OF LIGAMENTOUS SUPPORT!)

22
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A

MNEMONIC - Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle
1. scaphoid
2. lunate
3. triquetrum
4. pisiform
5. trapezium
6. trapezoid
7. capitate
8. hamate

23
Q

what type of joint is the CMC joints?

A

1st CMC - saddle joint
2-5th CMC - plane joints

24
Q

What is the major movement of the supraspinatus?

25
What is the major movement of the infraspinatus and teres minor?
external rotation
26
What is the major movement of the subscapularis
internal rotation
27
What are the two scapulohumeral muscles?
deltoid and teres major
28
What are the major movements of the deltoid?
shoulder flexion, adbuction and extension
29
What are the major movements of teres major?
internal rotation at the shoulder *attaches more anteriorly to humerus
30
What are the three muscles in the anterior arm compartment?
1. biceps brachii (long head attaching to lateral side, short head attaching to anterior side) ATTACHES TO RADIAL TUBEROSITY 2. coracobrachialis 3. brachialis ATTACHES AT ULNAR TUBEROSITY
31
What is the muscle of the posterior arm compartment?
triceps brachii all aspects cross over posterior aspect of ONE JOINT - ELBOW to attach to OLECRANON process producing EXTENSION
32
What are the attachments of triceps brachii?
long head attaches posteriorly (superficial) lateral head attaches laterally (deep) medial head attaches posteriorly (deep)
33
What action do anterior attachments to carpals/metacarpals produce?
wrist flexion
34
What action do anterior attachments to digits produce?
finger flexion
35
What action do anteriorly distal attachments to radius produce?
pronation
36
What action does posterior attachment to carpals/metacarpals produce?
wrist extension
37
What action does posterior attachment to digits produce?
finger extension
38
Which nerves supply which peripheral branches of the brachial plexus?
MNEMONIC - 3 Musketeers (2) Assassinated 5 Mice, 5 Rats and 2 Unicorns Musculotaneous - C5, C6, C7 Axillary - C5, C6 Medial - C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 Radial - C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 Ulnar - C8, T1
39
Which compartment does musculocutaneous nerve supply?
anterior pierces coracobrachialis
40
Which FOREARM compartment does median nerve supply?
major supply for anterior compartment, NO BRANCHING IN ARM
41
How does median nerve get to forearm?
travels across midline of anterior elbow to forearm, and then of wrist to hand
42
What does ulnar nerve supply?
major supply for hand musculature minor supply for anterior forearm NO BRANCHING IN ARM
43
How does ulnar nerve get to hand?
travels posterior to medial epicondyle
44
What does axillary nerve supply?
deltoid and teres minor
45
How does axillary nerve get to its destination?
exits out of axilla and wraps around humerus posteriorly
46
What does radial nerve supply?
posterior compartment of BOTH arm and forearm
47
How does radial nerve end up in forearm?
passes anteriorly briefly in distal arm over lateral epicondyle then comes back to posterior compartment
48
What does the ulnar artery supply?
principle supply for forearm and hand
49
What does the radial artery supply?
anastomoses with ulnar artery via palmar arch
50
What is the arterial branching from the subclavian artery?
subclavian --> axillary --> radial and ulnar --> join at palmar arches
50
What are the 3 main veins in the whole arm?
1. cephalic vein 2. basilic vein 3. median cubital vein

ANAT20006 (7 decks)

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