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ANAT20006 > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 key features of the clavicle?

A
  1. sternal and acromial ends
  2. ’s’ curvature
  3. rough inferior surface
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2
Q

what is the purpose of the clavicle in terms of the appendicular/axial skeleton?

A

only upper limb articulation between appendicular and axial skeletons

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3
Q

what are the 4 key features of the scapula?

A
  1. spine of scapula (remember the RC muscles)
  2. acromion and coracoid processes
  3. glenoid fossae
  4. fossa for mm. attachment
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4
Q

what are the two clavicular joints?

A
  1. sternoclavicular joint
  2. acromioclavicular joint
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5
Q

what are three features of the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  1. synovial saddle joint
  2. intraarticular disc
  3. strong capsule and costoclavicular ligament
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6
Q

what are 2 features of the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  1. synovial plane joint
  2. strong coracoclavicular ligament, but weak capsule
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7
Q

what are the 6 key features of the humerus? (refer to image in lecture 6.1)

A
  1. head
  2. neck (anatomical and surgical)
  3. tubercles (greater and lesser)
  4. bicipital groove
  5. epicondyles (lateral and medial)
  6. condyles (capitulum and trochlea)
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8
Q

what are 3 key features of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. synovial ball and socket
  2. mostly incongruent (bc. large humeral head and shallow glenoid fossa)
  3. loose joint capsule, so unstable
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9
Q

what are 3 supportive features of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. labrum
  2. rotator cuff muscles, long head of biceps brachii
  3. glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments
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10
Q

how is the ulna and radius connected to each other?

A

through an interosseous membrane

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11
Q

what are the 3 articulations the ulna and radius have?

A
  1. x2 with each other
  2. both with humerus
  3. radius with carpal bones
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12
Q

what are 3 features of the elbow joint?

A
  1. synovial hinge joint
  2. strong collateral ligament support
  3. humeroulnar is primary bony contact
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13
Q

what are 3 features of the distal radioulnar joint?

A
  1. synovial pivot joint
  2. ulnar head articulates with ulnar notch on the radius
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14
Q

what are 3 features of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A
  1. synovial pivot joint
  2. radial joint articulates with radial notch on ulna
  3. annular ligament encircles radial head
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15
Q

What are the 4 major landmarks of a typical vertebra?

A
  1. vertebral body
  2. vertebral arch - pedicles and lamina (forms vertebral foramen)
  3. spinous and transverse process (muscle/ligament attachment)
  4. articular processes
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16
Q

What goes in the vertebral foramen?

A
  1. spinal nerve roots
  2. dorsal root ganglia
  3. vessels
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17
Q

What are the EXTRINSIC muscles of the back?

A
  1. trapezius
  2. latissimus dorsi
  3. levator scapulae
  4. rhomboid minor
  5. rhomboid major
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18
Q

What is the INTRINSIC muscle of the back and what are its actions?

A

erector spinae
concentrically extends trunk
eccentrically flexes trunk

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19
Q

What muscles are deep to the erector spinae and what do they do?

A

transversospinalis
control fine movements at vertebrae

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20
Q

What type of joint is the proximal distal radioulnar joint?

A

synovial pivot joint

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21
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

condyloid joint (LOTS OF LIGAMENTOUS SUPPORT!)

22
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A

MNEMONIC - Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle
1. scaphoid
2. lunate
3. triquetrum
4. pisiform
5. trapezium
6. trapezoid
7. capitate
8. hamate

23
Q

what type of joint is the CMC joints?

A

1st CMC - saddle joint
2-5th CMC - plane joints

24
Q

What is the major movement of the supraspinatus?

A

abduction

25
Q

What is the major movement of the infraspinatus and teres minor?

A

external rotation

26
Q

What is the major movement of the subscapularis

A

internal rotation

27
Q

What are the two scapulohumeral muscles?

A

deltoid and teres major

28
Q

What are the major movements of the deltoid?

A

shoulder flexion, adbuction and extension

29
Q

What are the major movements of teres major?

A

internal rotation at the shoulder
*attaches more anteriorly to humerus

30
Q

What are the three muscles in the anterior arm compartment?

A
  1. biceps brachii (long head attaching to lateral side, short head attaching to anterior side) ATTACHES TO RADIAL TUBEROSITY
  2. coracobrachialis
  3. brachialis ATTACHES AT ULNAR TUBEROSITY
31
Q

What is the muscle of the posterior arm compartment?

A

triceps brachii
all aspects cross over posterior aspect of ONE JOINT - ELBOW to attach to OLECRANON process producing EXTENSION

32
Q

What are the attachments of triceps brachii?

A

long head attaches posteriorly (superficial)
lateral head attaches laterally (deep)
medial head attaches posteriorly (deep)

33
Q

What action do anterior attachments to carpals/metacarpals produce?

A

wrist flexion

34
Q

What action do anterior attachments to digits produce?

A

finger flexion

35
Q

What action do anteriorly distal attachments to radius produce?

A

pronation

36
Q

What action does posterior attachment to carpals/metacarpals produce?

A

wrist extension

37
Q

What action does posterior attachment to digits produce?

A

finger extension

38
Q

Which nerves supply which peripheral branches of the brachial plexus?

A

MNEMONIC - 3 Musketeers (2) Assassinated 5 Mice, 5 Rats and 2 Unicorns

Musculotaneous - C5, C6, C7
Axillary - C5, C6
Medial - C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
Radial - C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
Ulnar - C8, T1

39
Q

Which compartment does musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

anterior
pierces coracobrachialis

40
Q

Which FOREARM compartment does median nerve supply?

A

major supply for anterior compartment, NO BRANCHING IN ARM

41
Q

How does median nerve get to forearm?

A

travels across midline of anterior elbow to forearm, and then of wrist to hand

42
Q

What does ulnar nerve supply?

A

major supply for hand musculature
minor supply for anterior forearm
NO BRANCHING IN ARM

43
Q

How does ulnar nerve get to hand?

A

travels posterior to medial epicondyle

44
Q

What does axillary nerve supply?

A

deltoid and teres minor

45
Q

How does axillary nerve get to its destination?

A

exits out of axilla and wraps around humerus posteriorly

46
Q

What does radial nerve supply?

A

posterior compartment of BOTH arm and forearm

47
Q

How does radial nerve end up in forearm?

A

passes anteriorly briefly in distal arm over lateral epicondyle then comes back to posterior compartment

48
Q

What does the ulnar artery supply?

A

principle supply for forearm and hand

49
Q

What does the radial artery supply?

A

anastomoses with ulnar artery via palmar arch

50
Q

What is the arterial branching from the subclavian artery?

A

subclavian –> axillary –> radial and ulnar –> join at palmar arches

50
Q

What are the 3 main veins in the whole arm?

A
  1. cephalic vein
  2. basilic vein
  3. median cubital vein

ANAT20006 (7 decks)

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