ANAT20006 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(36 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three parts of the diencephalon?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. thalamus
  3. pineal gland (part of the epithalamus)
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2
Q

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla oblongata
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3
Q

what are the major parts of the CNS?

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. diencephalon
  3. brain stem
  4. cerebellum
  5. central canal
  6. spinal cord
  7. pituitary gland
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4
Q

What are the 3 dural folds?

A
  1. falx cerebri (in the longitudinal fissure)
  2. tentorium cerebelli (between the occipital and temporal lobes)
  3. falx cerebelli
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5
Q

What are the three meningeal layers?

A
  1. dura mater
  2. arachnoid mater
    — subarachnoid space filled with CSF
  3. pia mater
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6
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A
  • choroid plexus of ventricles of the brain
  • surrounds whole of CNS (brain and spinal cord)
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7
Q

What happens when CSF doesn’t return to circulation?

A
  • condition called hydrocephalus
  • catheter must be inserted into lateral ventricle, draining it into peritoneal cavity
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8
Q

Which cortices are surrounded by which sulci/fissures?

A
  1. primary somatoMOTOR and somatoSENSORY cortices are surrounded by the CENTRAL sulcus
  2. primary AUDITORY and GUSTATORY cortices are surrounded by LATERAL fissure
  3. primary VISUAL cortex surrounded by CALCARINE sulcus
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9
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. parietal lobe
  3. occipital lobe
  4. temporal lobe
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10
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

movement
reasoning
personality
decision making

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11
Q

What does the parietal lobe control?

A

sensory perception

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12
Q

What does the occipital lobe control?

A

vision/sight

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13
Q

What does the temporal lobe control?

A

hearing
memory

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14
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

coordination
balance

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15
Q

What does the brainstem control?

A

breathing
blood pressure
body temp

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16
Q

Which cells produce myelin?

Study These Flashcards
A

CNS - oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann cells

17
Q

What are the two tracts of the efferent pathway? (motor and descending)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. pyramidal tracts
  2. extrapyramidal tracts
18
Q

What are the tracts of the pyramidal tracts?

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A
  1. lateral corticospinal tract
  2. anterior corticalspinal tract
19
Q

What are the tracts of the extrapyramidal tracts?

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A
  1. rubrospinal tract
  2. reticulospinal tract
  3. olivospinal tract
  4. vestibulospinal tract
20
Q

What are the tracts of the afferent pathway? (sensory and ascending)

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A
  1. dorsal column medial lemniscus system
  2. spinocerebellar tracts
  3. anterolateral system
  4. spinoolivary fibres
21
Q

What are 2 the tracts of the dorsal column medial lemniscus system?

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A
  1. gracile fasciculus
  2. cuneate fasciculus
22
Q

What are the two tracts of the spinocerebellar tracts?

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A
  1. posterior spinocerebellar tract
  2. anterior spinocerebellar tract
23
Q

What 2 tracts are part of the anterolateral system?

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A
  1. lateral spinothalamic tract
  2. anterior spinothalamic tract
24
Q

What are the three sheath layers which surround an axon?

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A
  1. endoneurium (innermost, nerve fibre)
  2. perineurium (cluster of neurons)
  3. epineurium (external connective tissue sheath)
25
What are efferent nerves?
motor carrying signals AWAY from CNS. join via VENTRAL root
26
What are afferent nerves?
sensory carrying signals TO the CNS. join via DORSAL root
27
How many spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs of spinal nerves in total
28
How many of each type of spinal nerve?
8 pairs of cervical nerves 12 pairs of thoracic nerves 5 pairs of lumbar nerves 5 pairs of sacral nerves 1 pair of coccygeal nerves
29
What are the 3 nerve plexuses and what do they control?
1. cervical plexus - head, neck, diaphragm 2. brachial plexus - upper limbs 3. lumbosacral plexus - lower limbs
30
What are the 12 cranial nerves in order?
MNEMONIC - Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel A Girl's Vagina Ah Heaven 1. Olfactory - smell 2. Optic - eye 3. Oculomotor - eye muscles 4. Trochlear - superior oblique 5. Trigeminal - face, teeth, muscles of mastication 6. Abducens - external muscle 7. Facial - muscles of face 8. Vestibularcochlear - inner ear 9. Glossopharyngeal - pharyngeal muscles, posterior part of tongue 10. Vagus - heart, lungs, GI 11. Accessory - sterno-cleidomastoid, trapezius 12. Hypoglossal - muscles of tongue
31
What is the autonomic nervous system?
effector system in CNS AND PNS mediating homeostatic control of organ and body physiology
32
What is thoracolumbar outflow?
sympathetic autonomic
33
What is craniosacral outflow?
Parasympathetic autonomic
34
What are the differences in pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic length in parasympathetic and sympathetic
PARASYMPATHETIC - long pre-ganglion, short post-ganglion SYMPATHETIC - short pre-ganglion, long post-ganglion
35
What are the parasympathetic cranial nerves?
1. Oculomotor (III) - narrows pupil and focuses lnes 2. Facial (VII) - tear, nasal and salivary glands 3. Glossopharyngeal (IX) - parotid salivary gland 4. Vagus (X) - viscera as far as proximal half of colon
36
What is the enteric division of PNS?
approx 1/3 of ANS. huge no. of neurons in GIT wall forming circuits for mixing, peristalsis, secretion

ANAT20006 (7 decks)

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