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ANAT20006 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the diencephalon?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. thalamus
  3. pineal gland (part of the epithalamus)
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2
Q

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla oblongata
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3
Q

what are the major parts of the CNS?

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. diencephalon
  3. brain stem
  4. cerebellum
  5. central canal
  6. spinal cord
  7. pituitary gland
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4
Q

What are the 3 dural folds?

A
  1. falx cerebri (in the longitudinal fissure)
  2. tentorium cerebelli (between the occipital and temporal lobes)
  3. falx cerebelli
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5
Q

What are the three meningeal layers?

A
  1. dura mater
  2. arachnoid mater
    — subarachnoid space filled with CSF
  3. pia mater
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6
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A
  • choroid plexus of ventricles of the brain
  • surrounds whole of CNS (brain and spinal cord)
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7
Q

What happens when CSF doesn’t return to circulation?

A
  • condition called hydrocephalus
  • catheter must be inserted into lateral ventricle, draining it into peritoneal cavity
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8
Q

Which cortices are surrounded by which sulci/fissures?

A
  1. primary somatoMOTOR and somatoSENSORY cortices are surrounded by the CENTRAL sulcus
  2. primary AUDITORY and GUSTATORY cortices are surrounded by LATERAL fissure
  3. primary VISUAL cortex surrounded by CALCARINE sulcus
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9
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. parietal lobe
  3. occipital lobe
  4. temporal lobe
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10
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

movement
reasoning
personality
decision making

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11
Q

What does the parietal lobe control?

A

sensory perception

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12
Q

What does the occipital lobe control?

A

vision/sight

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13
Q

What does the temporal lobe control?

A

hearing
memory

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14
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

coordination
balance

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15
Q

What does the brainstem control?

A

breathing
blood pressure
body temp

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16
Q

Which cells produce myelin?

A

CNS - oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann cells

17
Q

What are the two tracts of the efferent pathway? (motor and descending)

A
  1. pyramidal tracts
  2. extrapyramidal tracts
18
Q

What are the tracts of the pyramidal tracts?

A
  1. lateral corticospinal tract
  2. anterior corticalspinal tract
19
Q

What are the tracts of the extrapyramidal tracts?

A
  1. rubrospinal tract
  2. reticulospinal tract
  3. olivospinal tract
  4. vestibulospinal tract
20
Q

What are the tracts of the afferent pathway? (sensory and ascending)

A
  1. dorsal column medial lemniscus system
  2. spinocerebellar tracts
  3. anterolateral system
  4. spinoolivary fibres
21
Q

What are 2 the tracts of the dorsal column medial lemniscus system?

A
  1. gracile fasciculus
  2. cuneate fasciculus
22
Q

What are the two tracts of the spinocerebellar tracts?

A
  1. posterior spinocerebellar tract
  2. anterior spinocerebellar tract
23
Q

What 2 tracts are part of the anterolateral system?

A
  1. lateral spinothalamic tract
  2. anterior spinothalamic tract
24
Q

What are the three sheath layers which surround an axon?

A
  1. endoneurium (innermost, nerve fibre)
  2. perineurium (cluster of neurons)
  3. epineurium (external connective tissue sheath)
25
Q

What are efferent nerves?

A

motor carrying signals AWAY from CNS. join via VENTRAL root

26
Q

What are afferent nerves?

A

sensory carrying signals TO the CNS. join via DORSAL root

27
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves in total

28
Q

How many of each type of spinal nerve?

A

8 pairs of cervical nerves
12 pairs of thoracic nerves
5 pairs of lumbar nerves
5 pairs of sacral nerves
1 pair of coccygeal nerves

29
Q

What are the 3 nerve plexuses and what do they control?

A
  1. cervical plexus - head, neck, diaphragm
  2. brachial plexus - upper limbs
  3. lumbosacral plexus - lower limbs
30
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves in order?

A

MNEMONIC - Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel A Girl’s Vagina Ah Heaven
1. Olfactory - smell
2. Optic - eye
3. Oculomotor - eye muscles
4. Trochlear - superior oblique
5. Trigeminal - face, teeth, muscles of mastication
6. Abducens - external muscle
7. Facial - muscles of face
8. Vestibularcochlear - inner ear
9. Glossopharyngeal - pharyngeal muscles, posterior part of tongue
10. Vagus - heart, lungs, GI
11. Accessory - sterno-cleidomastoid, trapezius
12. Hypoglossal - muscles of tongue

31
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

effector system in CNS AND PNS mediating homeostatic control of organ and body physiology

32
Q

What is thoracolumbar outflow?

A

sympathetic autonomic

33
Q

What is craniosacral outflow?

A

Parasympathetic autonomic

34
Q

What are the differences in pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic length in parasympathetic and sympathetic

A

PARASYMPATHETIC - long pre-ganglion, short post-ganglion
SYMPATHETIC - short pre-ganglion, long post-ganglion

35
Q

What are the parasympathetic cranial nerves?

A
  1. Oculomotor (III) - narrows pupil and focuses lnes
  2. Facial (VII) - tear, nasal and salivary glands
  3. Glossopharyngeal (IX) - parotid salivary gland
  4. Vagus (X) - viscera as far as proximal half of colon
36
Q

What is the enteric division of PNS?

A

approx 1/3 of ANS. huge no. of neurons in GIT wall forming circuits for mixing, peristalsis, secretion

ANAT20006 (7 decks)

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