Thorax Flashcards
What are the 4 layers of viscera (outermost to innermost)
- serosa
- muscularis
- mucosa
- lumen
What are the two types of sphincter?
- anatomical sphincter
- functional sphincter
What is an anatomical sphincter?
localised muscle thickening around wall of tubular viscus
What is a functional sphincter?
no localised muscular thickening
What are the 2 types of anatomical sphincters?
- involuntary - smooth muscle, ANS
- voluntary - skeletal muscle, voluntary control, somatic NS
What are the 2 divisions of serous membranes?
- visceral - receives nerve and blood supply from body wall (somatic)
- parietal - receives same nerve and blood supply as viscera
pleura in thoracic cavity
peritoneum in abdominal cavity
What is the role of mesentery?
movement
pathway for nerves and vessels
What is the peritoneal cavity?
closed cavity in abdomen lined by peritoneum
What is a potential danger with mesentery?
viscera suspended at the end of mesentery are at danger of torsion/twisting
What are 4 examples of paired viscera?
- ejaculatory ducts
- vas deferens
- ureters
- kidneys
What is referred pain and what causes it?
percepted pain in a different area from site of stimulation. it is caused by a common spinal segment being stimulated which supplies both the site of pain and referred pain
What are the three turbinates, and what do they open from?
superior concha
middle concha
inferior concha
OPENING FROM THE VESTIBULE
What are the three openings of paranasal sinuses?
- superior meatus
- middle meatus
- inferior meatus
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses with description of location?
ethmoid (little air gaps)
frontal (behind eyebrows)
sphenoid (behind ethmoid)
maxillary (large sinus behind nose)
What makes up the oral cavity?
hard palate - maxilla and palatine bone
soft palate
uvula
tongue
mylohyoid muscle
mandible
lips
What are the 4 parts of the tongue?
- vallate papillae
- foliate papillae (like foliage on the sides)
- fungiform papillae (like fungus spots)
- sulcus terminalis (groove on tongue)
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
alter position of tongue
What do the intrinsic muscles of tongue do?
alter shape of tongue
What are the parts of the larynx?
epiglottis
hyoid bone
oesophagus
trachea
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
What movements of the vocal ligaments produce sound?
ADDUCTION for phonation
ADBUCTED for breathing
vibration produces sound
What moves vocal ligaments?
intrinsic muscles of larynx
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
What are the 3 external muscles of the pharynx?
- superior constrictor muscle
- middle constrictor muscle
- inferior constrictor muscle
Which ribs are atypical?
1, 2, 10, 11, 12
