Dannys Class/Anatomy > Upper limb+ > Flashcards
Upper limb+ Flashcards
What does “some lovers try positions that they cant handle” mean?
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
What are the bones in the hands called
From finger to palm
Phalanges (14)
Metacarpals (5)
Carpal bones (8)
What does “shes looks too pretty
Try to catch her”
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
What bone is by the thumb metacarpal
Trapezium
Lateral wrist →
Radial styloid process
Lateral elbow →
lateral epicondyle
Lateral humerus →
In the mid-line, midway between the shoulder and elbow
DP Hand →
head of 3rd metacarpal
Lateral thumb →
1st metacarpo-phalangeal joint
Lateral little finger →
5th proximal interphalangeal joint
AP both hands →
midway between the 5th metacarpo-phalangeal joints
DP wrist →
midway between the radial and ulnar styloid processes
AP Forearm →
In the mid-line, midway between the wrist and elbow
AP elbow →
2.5cm below the midpoint of the epicondyles
Sam likes to push the toy car hard
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
POSTERO-ANTERIOR (Dorsi-Palmar) FINGERS.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
The arm is abducted and the elbow is flexed 90 degrees so that
Palmer side of the fingers in contact with the image receptor
The fingers are separated slightly and are extended flat on the IR, to ensure that the adjacent finger included doesn’t superimpose each other
and that they are equidistant to the IR
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the affected finger
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the fingers and the carpometacarpal joint of the affected finger
SID
100/115cm
Next step
Do a lateral projection
POSTERO-ANTERIOR (Dorsi-Palmar) FINGERS.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
The arm is abducted and the elbow is flexed 90 degrees so that
Palmer side of the fingers in contact with the image receptor
The fingers are separated slightly and are extended flat on the IR, to ensure that the adjacent finger included doesn’t superimpose each other
and that they are equidistant to the IR
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the affected finger
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the fingers and the carpometacarpal joint of the affected finger
SID
100/115cm
Next step
Do a lateral projection
LATERAL RING & LITTLE FINGERS.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
The arm is extended over the image receptor
The palm of the hand is at a right angle to the table, in order for the medial end of the little finger is in contact with the IR.
Index and middle finger are curled towards the palm to prevent them from superimposing the 2 other fingers. Ring and little fingers are extended and separated.
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the proximal interphalangeal joint of the affected finger
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the fingers and the distal third of the metacarpal bone
SID
100cm
Next step
LATERAL RING & LITTLE FINGERS.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
The arm is extended over the image receptor
The palm of the hand is at a right angle to the table, in order for the medial end of the little finger is in contact with the IR.
Index and middle finger are curled towards the palm to prevent them from superimposing the 2 other fingers. Ring and little fingers are extended and separated.
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the proximal interphalangeal joint of the affected finger
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the fingers and the distal third of the metacarpal bone
SID
100cm
Next step
LATERAL INDEX & MIDDLE FINGERS.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
The arm is extended over the image receptor and the forearm is supported.
The palm of the hand is at a right angle to the table, in order for the medial end of the index finger to be in contact with the IR
Little and ring fingers are curled towards the palm to prevent them from superimposing the 2 other fingers.
The index and middle fingers are extended and the middle finger is flexed slightly so its not superposing the index finger. The middle finger may be supported with a flat pad if needed.
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the proximal interphalangeal joint of the affected finger
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the fingers and the distal third of the metacarpal bone
SID
100cm
Next step
LATERAL INDEX & MIDDLE FINGERS.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
The arm is extended over the image receptor and the forearm is supported.
The palm of the hand is at a right angle to the table, in order for the medial end of the index finger to be in contact with the IR
Little and ring fingers are curled towards the palm to prevent them from superimposing the 2 other fingers.
The index and middle fingers are extended and the middle finger is flexed slightly so its not superposing the index finger. The middle finger may be supported with a flat pad if needed.
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the proximal interphalangeal joint of the affected finger
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the fingers and the distal third of the metacarpal bone
SID
100cm
Next step
ANTERO-POSTERIOR THUMB.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated facing away to the table (meaning legs not under the table) with the affected side extended backwards onto the table.
Fine position
Posterior aspect of thumb in contact with IR
Fingers are moved out the way of the thumb (the hand may be slightly rotated in order to achieve this but the thumb must remain parallel to IR)
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the 1st meta-carpophalangeal joint
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the thumb and distal third metacarpal bone.
SID
100cm
Next step
Do a lateral, if patient is unable to do this projection do PA thumb and then attempt the lateral
ANTERO-POSTERIOR THUMB.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated facing away to the table (meaning legs not under the table) with the affected side extended backwards onto the table.
Fine position
Posterior aspect of thumb in contact with IR
Fingers are moved out the way of the thumb (the hand may be slightly rotated in order to achieve this but the thumb must remain parallel to IR)
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the 1st meta-carpophalangeal joint
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the thumb and distal third metacarpal bone.
SID
100cm
Next step
Do a lateral, if patient is unable to do this projection do PA thumb and then attempt the lateral
POSTERO-ANTERIOR THUMB.
(used instead of AP if patient can’t get into AP position)
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm extended over the table, and hand is by IR
Medial aspect of hand in contact with IR and thumb is extended and in parallel with IR.
Patient may have a pad in hand to help ensure this and that the other fingers are away from the thumb.
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the 1st meta-carpophalangeal joint
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the thumb and distal third metacarpal bone
SID
100cm
Next step
Do a lateral projection
POSTERO-ANTERIOR THUMB.
(used instead of AP if patient can’t get into AP position)
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm extended over the table, and hand is by IR
Medial aspect of hand in contact with IR and thumb is extended and in parallel with IR.
Patient may have a pad in hand to help ensure this and that the other fingers are away from the thumb.
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the 1st meta-carpophalangeal joint
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the thumb and distal third metacarpal bone
SID
100cm
Next step
Do a lateral projection
LATERAL THUMB
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm is abducted and elbow flexed
The lateral aspect of the thumb is in contact with IR,
in order to do this the hand is raised slightly (fingers are flexed slightly to do this and a pad is placed under the hand)
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the 1st meta-carpophalangeal joint
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the thumb and distal third metacarpal bone
SID
100cm
LATERAL THUMB
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm is abducted and elbow flexed
The lateral aspect of the thumb is in contact with IR,
in order to do this the hand is raised slightly (fingers are flexed slightly to do this and a pad is placed under the hand)
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical beam centred over the 1st meta-carpophalangeal joint
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of the thumb and distal third metacarpal bone
SID
100cm
Dorsi-palmar Hand
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm is abducted and flexed 90 degrees at elbow, forearm pronated. Palmer aspect on the IR is completely flat.
Fingers extended and spread slightly
The radial and ulnar styloid processes are made to be equidistant from the IR
Centring and x-ray beam
VCB over the 3 metacarpal
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of all the hand/fingers and include the distal end of the radius and ulna.
SID
100cm
Next step
Do an oblique
Dorsi-palmar Hand
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm is abducted and flexed 90 degrees at elbow, forearm pronated. Palmer aspect on the IR is completely flat.
Fingers extended and spread slightly
The radial and ulnar styloid processes are made to be equidistant from the IR
Centring and x-ray beam
VCB over the 3 metacarpal
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of all the hand/fingers and include the distal end of the radius and ulna.
SID
100cm
Next step
Do an oblique
Anterior Oblique of the Hand (DP Oblique Hand)
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm is abducted and flexed 90 degrees at elbow, forearm pronated. Palmer aspect on the IR is completely flat.
The hand is externally rotated so the palmer aspect is about 45 degrees angle to the IR. A pad is used to keep the patients hand in this postion.
The fingers are separated and extended to prevent them from superimposing each other.
Centring and x-ray beam
First you centre over the 5th metacarpal head and then angle the beam to the 3rd metacarpal head.
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of all the hand/fingers and include the distal end of the radius and ulna.
SID
100cm
Next step
Anterior Oblique of the Hand (DP Oblique Hand)
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm is abducted and flexed 90 degrees at elbow, forearm pronated. Palmer aspect on the IR is completely flat.
The hand is externally rotated so the palmer aspect is about 45 degrees angle to the IR. A pad is used to keep the patients hand in this postion.
The fingers are separated and extended to prevent them from superimposing each other.
Centring and x-ray beam
First you centre over the 5th metacarpal head and then angle the beam to the 3rd metacarpal head.
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of all the hand/fingers and include the distal end of the radius and ulna.
SID
100cm
Next step
LATERAL HAND PROJECTION.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm is abducted and flexed 90 degrees at elbow, forearm pronated.
The hand is rotated so that the medial side of the hand is in contact with the IR.
The metacarpals will be superimposed however the thumb is slightly abducted away from the rest of the fingers so it isn’t superimposed.
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical ray beam over the head of the second metacarpal
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of all the hand/fingers and include the distal end of the radius and ulna.
SID
100cm
Next step
LATERAL HAND PROJECTION.
Any jewellery or clothing be moved out the way
Gross position
The patient seated next to the table with legs not under the table with the affected side next to the table.
Fine position
Arm is abducted and flexed 90 degrees at elbow, forearm pronated.
The hand is rotated so that the medial side of the hand is in contact with the IR.
The metacarpals will be superimposed however the thumb is slightly abducted away from the rest of the fingers so it isn’t superimposed.
Centring and x-ray beam
Vertical ray beam over the head of the second metacarpal
Collimation
Include the soft-tissue borders of all the hand/fingers and include the distal end of the radius and ulna.
SID
100cm
Next step
