Upper Limb

Question 1

Girdles (similarities to leg)

Answer 1

Both limbs are connected to the body via a girdle
Pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Shoulder girdle is formed by scapular, clavicle

Question 2

Bones Of The upper limb

Answer 2

Shoulder girdle ( scapular and clavicle)
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Meta carpals
Phalanges

Question 3

Upper vs lower (stability vs mobility)

Answer 3

Upper = mobility
Lower = stability

Question 4

Upper and lower similarities (naming)

Answer 4

Femoral and humoral head
Epicondyles on distal humerus and femur
Fibulae heal and radial head at hinge joints
Malleoulus and styloid processes of wrist foot ligament attachment

Question 5

Joints

Answer 5

Shoulder- relatively delicate compared to hip. More mobile
Elbow: hinge Joint. Like Knee, both supported by medial and lateral collateral ligament. Elbow also has pronation and supination. Elbow less stable than Knee.
Wrist: similar to ankle as both formed by a cluster of irregular small bones. Ankle is robust with strong ligament. Wrist has greater range of movement as bones are less tightly packed

Question 6

Shoulder

Answer 6

Articulation Of The humeral head with the Glenoid fossa Of The scapular
Ball and socket Joint, synovial

Question 7

Shoulder vs hip.

Answer 7

Hip:
Deep socket (very congruent)
Head and socket well sized matched
Strong ligament
Stable
Tight capsule

Shoulder:
Shallow socket (less congruent)
Head much larger than socket
Weak ligament
Mobile
Lax capsule (especially inferiorly)

Same 6 movements at each
Both ball and socket
Both synovial

Question 8

Muscles

Answer 8

Similar to lower limb, muscles can be arranged into compartments: fascia bound groups, all with similar location, function and nerve supply

Question 9

Compartments Of muscles in upper limb

Answer 9

Deltoid: abduction of shoulder. Axillary nerve
Anterior arm: flexing of elbow. Musculocutaneous nerve
Anterior forearm: flexing of wrist and fingers. Pronation. Median / ulna nerve
Hand: ab/adduction of fingers. Ulna/median nerve
Anterior chest: flexing of shoulder. Pectoral nerves
Back: extension of shoulder. Shoulder girdle actions. Misc. nerves
Posterior arm: extension of arm. Radial nerve
Posterior forearm: extension of fingers and wrist. Supination. Radial nerve

Question 10

Terminology

Answer 10

Ulnaris- ulna aspect of forearm
Radialis- radial aspect of forearm
Digitorum: Of The digits
Carpi: Of The wrist
Brachii: in the arm
Superficialis: closer to the skin
Profundus: deeper inside the body
Pollicis: Of The thumb

Question 11

terminology examples

Answer 11

Flexor digitorum superficialis- Flexor of the digits that lies superficially

Flexor digitorum profundus- Flexor of the digits, that lies deep

Extensor carpi ulnaris- Extensor of the wrist on the ulnar aspect of the forearm

Extensor carpi radialis- Extensor of the wrist on the radial aspect of the forearm

Biceps brachii- Bi = two, ceps = heads, brachii = in the arm

Pronator quadratus- A muscle that pronates and is square shaped

Abductor pollicis longus- Abductor of the thumb and is long (used when there is a shorter equivalent)

Subscapularis- Lies beneath the scapula