Clinical Relevence: Soft Tissue Week

Question 1

Structures

Answer 1

• Skin
• Bursa
• Tendons
• Muscle
• Ligament
• Blood vessels eg arteries veins
• Nerve
• Bone
• Lymphatic system

Question 2

Muscle pain

Answer 2

• strains and trauma
• Muscle cramp
• Chronic exertional compartment syndrome
• Infection: Influenza (flu) and other viral illness
• Myositis, lupus, etc
• Fibromyalgia, Myofascial pain syndrome
• Toxins e.g. drugs
• Metabolic e.g. hypothyroidism

Question 3

Vessel – arterial/ venous

Answer 3

• Revisit atheroma (arterial)
• DVT (venous)

Question 4

Cellulitis

Answer 4

Staph epidermidis
Staph aureus

Question 5

Bursa

Answer 5

Can become inflamed

Question 6

Muscle

Answer 6

Stain
Tear
Trauma
Fibromyalgia
Infections - Viral
Polymyalgia
Cramp
Toxins

Question 7

Lumps and bumps

Answer 7

• Position - popliteal
• Colour – skin no erythema
• Temperature - normal
• Shape/size/surface – 2cm, round with a smooth surface
• Edge – well demarcated
• Consistence - hard
• Fluctuation - none
• Translucency/pulsatility/reducibility/relation to other structures – non pusatile (not arterial). Cannot make it smaller
• Bruits – no noise!
• Lymph nodes – none locally

Question 8

Injuries

Answer 8

• Dislocation vs subluxation
• Whiplash- muscles stretched then go into spasm
• ACJ
• Rotator cuff
• Elbow dislocation
• The knee: ACL/ medical meniscal tears
• Ankle: sprains and strains

Question 9

Electrical impulses: TO LEARN

Answer 9

• The peripheral nervous system
• The motor unit
• The resting membrane potential
• The action potential
• Propagation of the action potential
• The neuromuscular junction
• What can go wrong and where!

Question 10

PNS

Answer 10

• Peripheral Nervous System:
◦ All axons and ganglia outside the CNS
• Autonomic
• Parasympathetic
• Sympathetic
• Somatic
• Efferent Motor nerve
• Afferent Sensory nerve
• Cranial nerves (except II)

Question 11

Motor unit

Answer 11

Motor Unit
• Anterior Horn Cell
• Motor nerve axon
• All the muscle fibres it innervates

Question 12

Common sites of compression of
peripheral nerves

Answer 12

• Carpal Tunnel
• Cubital Tunnel
• Common Peroneal Nerve

Question 13

Nerve damage

Answer 13

• Chronic
• Not neurotmesis = complete disruption of nerve and sheath
• Neuropraxia = transient nerve dysfunction, no damage to nerve or sheath
• Will recover fully
• Axonotmesis = Disruption of axon but Schwann Cell
Myelin Sheath intact
• Recovery can occur if insulting force removed in timely fashion