Upper GI structure and function

Question 1

What type of epithelium is the oesophagus?

Answer 1

Stratified Squamous epithelium

Question 2

What covers the opening to the oesophagus?

Answer 2

Epiglottis

Question 3

What covers the opening of the nasopharynx?

Answer 3

Soft palate

Question 4

What do vagal reflexes cause in the stomach?

Answer 4

Relaxation of the thin elastic smooth muscle of the gastric fundus and body

Question 5

Main function of the stomach

Answer 5

Temporary storage
Sterilise ingested material
Produce intrinsic factor

Question 6

What does the stomach produce to combine with vitamin B12?

Answer 6

Intrinsic factor

Question 7

Name the three layers in the muscularis externa of the stomach

Answer 7

Longitudinal
Circular
Oblique muscles

Question 8

What 2 layers fold when empty?

Answer 8

Mucosa and submucosa

Question 9

Name the 3 types of cells in the gastric pits

Answer 9

Mucosal neck cells, Parietal cells and chief cells

Question 10

What does chewing do for the respiratory system?

Answer 10

Provide defence against respiratory failure

Question 11

What are the three pairs of glands that secrete saliva?

Answer 11

Parotid, Submandibular and sublingual

Question 12

What nerves of the parasympathetic system control salivary secretion?

Answer 12

Cranial nerve 7 (facial)

Cranial nerve 9 (glossopharyngeal)

Question 13

Does the sympathetic system produce thick or watery mucus?

Answer 13

Thick mucus

Question 14

How does reflex control produce saliva?

Answer 14

Presence of food in the mouth- chemoreceptors/ pressure receptors