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GI Physiology > Nutrient Digestion- Fats, Vitamins and minerals > Flashcards

Nutrient Digestion- Fats, Vitamins and minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Where is fat digested?

A

In the small intestine

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2
Q

Name the enzyme that digests fat

A

Pancreatic lipase

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3
Q

What is triacyglycerol?

A

Large lipid droplet that is insoluble in water

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4
Q

What is lipase?

A

Water soluble enzyme

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5
Q

What is emulsification?

A

Dividing large lipid droplets into smaller droplets

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6
Q

What does the emulsifying agent do?

A

Prevents small droplets from reforming large ones

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7
Q

Name 2 emulsifying agents

A

Phospholipids and bile salts

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8
Q

What grinds and mixes luminal contents?

A

Smooth muscle contraction

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9
Q

What enhances the absorption of lipids?

A

The formation of micelles

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10
Q

What are Micelles made up of?

A

Bile salts, phospholipids, fatty acids and monoglyceride

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11
Q

What parts of the micelle are absorbed?

A

Just the fatty acids and monoglycerides

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12
Q

Why can’t chylomicrons pass through the capillary basement membrane?

A

They are too large

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13
Q

Where do chylomicrons go once they move through the lacteals and into the endothelial cells?

A

They then go into lymphocytes

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14
Q

Name 4 fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A, D, E, K

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15
Q

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

Follow the same absorption path as fat

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16
Q

Name 3 water soluble vitamins

A

B group, Vitamin C and folic acid

17
Q

How are water soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

Passive diffusion and carrier mediated transport

18
Q

What is vitamin B12?

A

Large charged molecule

19
Q

What does vitamin B12 bind to and where does this happen?

A

It binds to the intrinsic factor in the stomach

20
Q

Where does the vitamin B12 complex move to?

A

Moves to the distal ileum

21
Q

What is the vitamin B12 complex important for?

A

It forms the biconcave disc shape of red blood cells

22
Q

What does a deficiency of vitamin B12 cause?

A

Pernicious anaemia

23
Q

What is iron transported across?

A

The intestine and into the blood

24
Q

What are iron ions incorporated into?

A

Ferritin

25
Q

What does iron in the blood bind to?

A

Transferrin

26
Q

Where is unbound iron transported?

A

It is transported into the duodenal enterocytes

27
Q

What is hyperanaemia due to?

A

Increased ferritin levels- this therefore increases the blood bound in enterocytes

28
Q

What is anaemia due to?

A

Decreased ferritin levels

29
Q

What are extracellular fat droplets called?

A

Chylomicrons

GI Physiology (6 decks)

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