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D&T test 7- GI > Upper GI & Anti-emetics > Flashcards

Upper GI & Anti-emetics Flashcards

1
Q

Promethazine: MOA (2)

A

MOA: D2 antagonist with some-anti-muscarinic

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2
Q

Promethazine: uses (2)

A

Motion sickenss

Migraines

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3
Q

Metoclopramide: MOA (2)

A

D2 antagonist

high dose = 5HT- antagonist

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4
Q

Metoclopramide: uses (2)

A

gastroparesis (prokinetic)

nausea

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5
Q

Metoclopramide: ADEs (4)

A
  1. causes Extrapyramidal sx (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome)
  2. Sedation/drowsiness
  3. prolactinemia (gynecomastia, galactorrhea)
  4. QTc prolongation
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6
Q

Promethazine ADE

A

causes Extrapyramidal sx

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7
Q

Metoclopramide: Cix? why?

A

Do not use in small bowel obstruction - can increase risk of perforation

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8
Q

Aprepitant: MOA (where it acts in brain, receptor, and how)

A
  • Antagonists at neurokinin1 (NK 1) receptors in the CTZ/ Area postrema
  • substance P antagonist
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9
Q

Aprepitant: how is it dosed

A

used with a steroid and another anti-emetic

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10
Q

Aprepitant use?

A

Post-operative nausea.

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11
Q

Aprepitant ADE and why?

A

may decrease effects of warfarin

-it is an inducer of CYP2C9 (which metabolizes warfarin)

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12
Q

Odansetron: MOA

A

5HT3 antagonist

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13
Q

Odansetron: use

A

chemo-therapy induced nausea

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14
Q

Odansetron ADEs (2)

A 
QTc prolongation
Serotonin syndrome (when used with other drugs that increase serotonin)
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15
Q

SX of serotonin syndrome (4)

A

rigidity, tremor, hyperthermia, confusion

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16
Q

ADE: Magnesium, Aluminum respectively

A 
Mg = diarrhea
Aluminum = constipation
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17
Q

1st Gen H1 blocker that is combined with vitmain B6 to prevent morning sickness

A

Doxylamine

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18
Q

Haloperidol: MOA, uses (2),

A

D2 receptor antagonist,

Uses: antipsychotic, motion sickness

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19
Q

Haloperidol ADE

A

sedation

prolactinemia

20
Q

1st Gen H1 blocker good for vestibular nausea

A

Meclizine:

21
Q

Aprepitant: MOA,

A

NK1 receptor/ substance P blocker

22
Q

Aprepitant: Use with what for what

A

used with steroids for chemotherapy nausea prevention

23
Q

Aprepitant ADE

A

drug-drug effects (via CYP)

24
Q

Methylprenisolone: What is it, use?

A

Glucocorticoid

combo with anti-emetics for chemotherapy-nausea prevention

25
Q

PPIs: first line for what? (3)

A

PUD,
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
NSAID gastritis

26
Q

PPIs: ADEs (3)

A

increased risk for osteoporosis, C. diff colitis, nosocomial PNA

27
Q

WHat do PPIs end in? anti-fungal ending?

A 
anti-fungal = -azole
PPI = -prazole
28
Q

dimenhydramine MOA, use, ADE and mechanism

A

H1 blocker, motion sickness, dry mouth etc (via muscarinic antagonism)

29
Q

Which is the longer-acting benzo and what is it used for

A

Diazepam - anti-anxiety effects are used for anticipatory nausea (chemo)

30
Q

Misoprostol MOA-

A

Prostaglandin E1 agonist that inhibits gastric acid secretion and stimulates secretion of mucus and bicarbonate by epithelial cells. –> cytoprotective!

31
Q

Misoprostol: uses

A

PUD and also for prevention of gastric ulcers for patients that are on long-term NSAIDs. (NSAIDs block PGE1 production)

32
Q

Misoprostol: ADE and cix

A

diarrhea, cix in pregnancy (abortifactant)

33
Q

Scopolamine: MOA (exact receptor), use

A

anti-muscarinic (M1 receptor), treats vestibular nausea

34
Q

scopolamine ADEs, administration (3)

A

dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness,

administered: oral, IV, patch

35
Q

Calcium carbonate MOA, ADE (2)

A

neutralizes stomach acid, hypercalcemia, rebound acid production

36
Q

Octerotide uses (4) administered (2)

A 
VIPomas
gastrinomas
carcinoid tumors
esophageal varices
administered: IV, SQ
37
Q

octreotide MOA

A

inhibits gastrin release (from G cells)

inhibits Histamine release from ECL cells

38
Q

dronabinol: MOA

A

THC analog.

39
Q

Dronabinol ADEs. Worse in what pop? Paired with what to help

A

dry mouth, vertigo, dizziness, disorientation,
worse in elderly
paired with Haldol

40
Q

Ranitidine, dosing, 2nd line for what (3)

A

2x/day

2nd line for NSAID-induced gastritis, gastrinomas, PUD

41
Q

Sulcrafate MOA, ADE

A

coats stomach to protect from acid

ADE: prevents medication absorption

42
Q

What merits a biopsy: signs of an ulcer or GERD

A

signs of an ulcer

43
Q

What is the treatment for H. Pylori infx

A

PPI plus 2 ABX

44
Q

H2 blockers treat what (2)

A

Treat dyspepsia and GERD

45
Q

Vagus nerve releases what?

A

GRP, ACh

46
Q

GRP has what effect

A

acts directly on G cells to release gastrin

47
Q

Gastrin has what effects?

A

stimulates ECL cells to release histamine

acts directly on parietal cell CCKb receptor

D&T test 7- GI (14 decks)

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