Histamines

Question 1

Where are mast cells and basophils found

Answer 1

baso = blood
mast = tissue

Question 2

Where is histamine found outside granulocytes and fucntion? (2)

Answer 2

Brain - neurotransmitter
ECL cells (stomach): stimulate gastric acid production by parietal cells

Question 3

mastocytosis: how does it present when systemic, and what is it

Answer 3

increased circulating mast cells

presents with itching

Question 4

WHat is contained within mast cells?(7)

Answer 4

Histamine
serotonin
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Bradykinins
Heparin
Chemotactic factors

Question 5

What is primary action of H2 receptor? and mechanism

Answer 5

gastric acid produciton by parietal cells

-Ac–> protein Kinase activation –> H+/K+ ATPase

Question 6

Effect of H1 and H3 receptors on CNS

Answer 6

H1: sleep/wake cycle
H3: feedback inhibtion (presynaptic jct)

Question 7

1st-Gen antihistamine found in cold-medications

Answer 7

Chlorphenamine

Question 8

2nd -Gen H1 blocker common allergic rhinitis medication (really anything you might use Benadryl for)

Answer 8

Cetrizine

Question 9

1st Gen- antihistamine and STRONG serotonin antagonist; used for appetite stimulation.

Answer 9

Cyproheptadine

Question 10

3rd gen equivalent of loratidine. Is it more effective?

Answer 10

desloratidine - unsure if more effective

Question 11

2nd Gen mast cell stabilizer. Available as a nasal spray and an ophthalmic drop.

Answer 11

Azelastine

Question 12

1st gen used for itching, anti-anxiety

Answer 12

Hydroxyzine

Question 13

3rd gen equivalent of cetrizine. More effective?

Answer 13

Levocetrizine- more effective with fewer side effects

Question 14

1st Gen used as an anti-emetic or a sedative due to extremely strong anticholinergic and sedative effects.
What is used for in combo with benadryl

Answer 14

Promethazine (phenergan)

Combo with Benadryl for migraines

Question 15

Anti-emetic 1st gen

Answer 15

Dimenhydrinate (dramamine)

Question 16

1st gen antiemetic, most commonly prescribed medication for vertigo.

Answer 16

meclizine

Question 17

2nd gen ophthalmic drop for allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 17

olopatadine

Question 18

diphenhydramine uses (3-general)

Answer 18

1) Treats allergies, anaphylaxis, hives, nausea
2) Used for sedation and antiparkinsonism effects (anti-psychotic drug-induced extrapyramidal side effects)
3) Used as a sleep aid

Question 19

1st gen eye drop for allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 19

Ketotifen

Question 20

2nd gen anti-allergy with few side effects

Answer 20

fexofenadine

Question 21

the first second-generation antihistamine available over the counter

Answer 21

loratidine