Upper GI

Question 1

Alimentary Canal Extends from

Answer 1

oral cavity to anus

Question 2

Breakdown of food occurs in what five phases

Answer 2

Ingestion
Fragmentation
Digestion
Absorption
elimination

Question 3

Ingestion and Fragmentation occur in oral cavity and lead to what

Answer 3

Bolus formation

Question 4

Stomach completes fragmentation & initaties _____

Answer 4

digestion

Question 5

Contractions of smooth muscle

Answer 5

peristalsis

Question 6

peristalsis is under what control

Answer 6

autonomic

Question 7

In the duodenum what is the funciton of pancreatic and biliary secretions?

Answer 7

emulsification of fat

Question 8

In jejunum and Ileum - what happens?

Answer 8

primary absorption of nutrients

Question 9

In colon what happens?

Answer 9

resorption of water and elimination of waste

Question 10

Lingual Frenulum anchors what?

Answer 10

tongue to floor of mouth

Question 11

Too short of a frenulum =

Answer 11

ankyloglossia or tongue-tied

Question 12

Gastrointestinal Tract AKA:

Answer 12

alimentary canal

Question 13

GI tract is a muscular tube lined by

Answer 13

mucus membrane

Question 14

large # of glands associated with tract like:

Answer 14

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestinal glands, embryological outgrowths of GI tract

Question 15

Diffuse lymphoid tissue called _______ is scattered throughout GI tract

Answer 15

MALT, GALT

Question 16

GI tract wall is divided into Four layers:

Answer 16

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and adventitia (serosa)

Question 17

Mucosa (most internal) has 3 functions:

Answer 17

protection, secretion, and absorption

Question 18

The mucosa is subdivided into three layers

Answer 18

epithelium, lamina Propria, and Muscularis Mucosae

Question 19

Muscularis mucosae provides mucosa with ability to

Answer 19

move and fold

Question 20

There are four types of mucosal variations: list them.

Answer 20

Protective, secretory, absorptive, and absorptive/protective

Question 21

Protective mucosa variation:

Answer 21

characterized by stratified squamous epitheilum, found in oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and anal canal

Question 22

Secretory Mucosa Variation

Answer 22

contains cells that are responsible for teh secretion of digestive enzymes, found exclusively in stomach

Question 23

Absorptive mucosa variatin

Answer 23

Contains crypts and villi, responsible for absorbing digested nutrients, found along entire small intestine

Question 24

Protective/absorptive mucosa variation

Answer 24

specilialized in water absorption and mucous secretion, found in large intestine

Question 25

Four points in the tract, is where the mucosa variations change from one to another, where are they?

Answer 25

gastroesophageal, gastroduodenal, ileocecal, and anorectal

Question 26

The second layer of the GI tract, the submucosa, contains what?

Answer 26

thick CT layer, with arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatics

Question 27

The muscularis externa, the third GI layer, contains what

Answer 27

two muscle layers, inner circular layer, and outer longitudinal layer.

Question 28

The two muscle layers of the muscularis externa move perpendicularly to achieve what

Answer 28

peristalsis

Question 29

The fourth layer of the GI tract, the adventitia (serosa) is comprised of…

Answer 29

CT containing BV, Nerves, Fat, and is lined by mesothelium in the peritoneal cavity

Question 30

Peristalsis propels food….

Answer 30

distally only

Question 31

Segmentation allows for local contractions for

Answer 31

mixing of food, can occur proximally or distally

Question 32

serosa in abdominal cavity AKA

Answer 32

Visceral Peritoneum

Question 33

The visceral peritoneum is continuous with what structure

Answer 33

mesentery

Question 34

Mesentery is lined by SSE called what?

Answer 34

mesothelium