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Histology > Teeth > Flashcards

Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

Teeth are grossly divided into

A

root and crown

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2
Q

Portion of tooth embedded in bone called

A

tooth root

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3
Q

tooth root is in part of jaw called

A

alveolar ridge

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4
Q

Tooth socket is called

A

alveolus

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5
Q

Crown is protected by a layer of

A

highly mineralized Enamel

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6
Q

Enamel is hard, translucent substance containing

A

1% organic material, 96-98% hydroxyapatite

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7
Q

enamel is secreted by tall, columnar

A

ameloblasts of enamel organ

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8
Q

Ameloblasts degenerate when…

A

the tooth erupts

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9
Q

Apical, secretory end of ameloblasts forms single, large processes called

A

tome’s process

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10
Q

Tome’s Processes have _____ & ______ inside

A

microtubules and secretory vesicles

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11
Q

Enamel mineralization is non-uniform, resulting in highly calcified ___________ or _______ which are roughly hexagonal

A

enamel rods, prisms

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12
Q

what separates enamel rods

A

less mineralized interprismatic material

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13
Q

Enamel rods extend from

A

ameloblast at enamel surface to dentino-enamel junction

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14
Q

Bulk of tooth composed of less mineralized _________

A

dentin

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15
Q

Dentin secreted by ________________

A

odontoblasts of dental papilla as non-mineralized pre-dentine

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16
Q

Dentin in chemically similar to bone, but more

A

mineralized, 70-80% hydroxyapatite crystals

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17
Q

_________________(Ca and PO4) play a key role in mineralization of dentin matrix

A

Matrix vacuoles

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18
Q

Dentin also contains _________________ (two things)

A

Type 1 collagen, and GAGs

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19
Q

Dentin is arranged in ______

A

Dentin Tubules

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20
Q

Dentin tubules are ___________, __________ tubules radiating from _________

A

hollow, parallel, pulp cavity

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21
Q

Dentin Tubules contain long, rod like cytoplasmic processes of odontoblasts called

A

Tome’s Fibers

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22
Q

Pulp cavity contains

A

nerves and blood vessels

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23
Q

Dentin innervated by

A

Myelinated nerves

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24
Q

Dental Pulp is ______________ in origin, resembles primitive __________

A

mesodermal, mesenchyme

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25
Q

Dental pulp contains what?

A

Stellate Fibroblasts, Reticular Fibers, Collagen, and Ground Substance

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26
Q

Pulp is richly supplied by capillaries from arterioles running with what structure?

A

Periodontal ligament

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27
Q

Tooth root is covered by thin layer of ___-

A

cementum

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28
Q

Cementum Characteristics

A

starts as acellular cementum (AC) amorphous, collagen-based, calcified tissue, 45-50% HA, manuactured by cementoblasts (mature into cementocytes) Now called Cellular cementum (CC)

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29
Q

Cementocytes that lie against the surface of the PDL

A

produce new cementum by appositional growth

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30
Q

cementocytes are similar to

A

osteocytes/blasts structurally and funtionally

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31
Q

Gingiva

A

masticatory oral mucosa that protects neck of tooth

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32
Q

Neck

A

region of tooth between root and crown

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33
Q

Gums also cover

A

upper portion of alveolar ridge

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34
Q

space between gingiva and crown

A

gingival sulcus or crevice

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35
Q

gingival sulcus lined by

A

crevicular epithelium

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36
Q

Crevicular Epithelium is

A

very thin, 2-3 cells thick, easily breached by bacteria +> periodontal disease, gingivitis

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37
Q

Periodontium includes:

A

epithelium, cementum, PDL, alveolar bone

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38
Q

Cemento-enamel junction

A

Where cementum meets enamel

39
Q

PDL or membrane is composed of dense collageous fibers called

A

Sharpey’s Fibers

40
Q

PDL anchors bone of alveolus to

A

cementum layer

41
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers run at oblique angle to

A

support tooth in socket but allow movement of tooth during chewing

42
Q

There are occasional clusters of epithelial cells withing PDL are -

A

vestigial epithelial rests (of Malassez)

43
Q

Tooth is formed between opposing layers of epithelium which are:

A

ameloblasts of enamel organ and odontoblasts of dental papilla

44
Q

Enamel

A

ectodermal origin

45
Q

Dentin, Cementum, pulp & PDL are

A

mesodermal origin

46
Q

Horse-shoe shaped ridge arises in oral epithelium at week _____ of fetal development

A

6, (cap stage)

47
Q

The dental lamina denotes the

A

position of future jaws

48
Q

In each quadrant the lamina develops several globular, ectodermal swellings for each —–

A

deciduous tooth

49
Q

Superficial half of ectodermal swellings form

A

enamel organs

50
Q

Deep half of ectodermal swellings form

A

dental papilla

51
Q

Odontogenesis - Early Bell Stage

A

Cells of epithelial tooth bud develop into the enamel origin
become a bell shaped structure with a core of loosely arranged stellate cells and peripheral layer of cuboidal/low columnar epithelium (external and internal epithelium) that meet at cervical loop

52
Q

Internal enamel epithelium differentiates into

A

layer of ameloblasts and 2-3 cell thick stratum intermedium

53
Q

Mesenchyme condense to form

A

dental papillae, a row of odontoblasts develop between papilla and ameloblasts

54
Q

Permanent tooth arises from side growth of

A

pf dental lamina

55
Q

Enamel Organ is _____ shaped in the Cap Stage

A

Cup

56
Q

Cells of the enamel organ progressively differentiate and become ______, with extracellular matrix of GAGs (still in Cap Stage)

A

stellate reticulum

57
Q

After cap stage - the enamel organ structure changes shape to ______

A

bell shaped (bell stage)

58
Q

In bell stage - teh cells lining the outher, convex surface become ________, cells lining concave surface of enamel organ become _________

A

External Enamel Epithelium, Internal Enamel Epithelium

59
Q

Internal Enamel Epithelium during Bell Stage differentiate into:

A

Tall Columnar Ameloblasts

60
Q

Amelogensis is:

A

Enamel Formation

61
Q

Deep to the developing enamel organs is _________, which develops into dental papilla

A

Primitive mesenchyme

62
Q

Cells lining the convex surface of dental papilla develop into _______

A

odontoblasts

63
Q

dentinogensis -

A

dentine formation

64
Q

Ameloblasts and odontoblasts are in opposition, so tooth forms______

A

between them

65
Q

Late Bell Stage - the development of ameloblasts induces what?

A

differentiation of odontoblasts

66
Q

Calcification of of dentine during late bell stage induces?

A

deposition of enamel

67
Q

Tooth formation initiated by deposition of organic pre-dentine) by odontobllasts on ___________________ - late calcified to dentine

A

surface of dental papilla

68
Q

Calcificaiton of dentine matrix secondarily induces __________

A

enamel produciton by ameloblasts

69
Q

Odontoblasts have _________ embedded in dentine matrix - form ___________

A

odontoblast processes, dentin tubules

70
Q

Enamel forms in mineralized columns of

A

enamel rods

71
Q

Enamel rods are separated by

A

interprismatic material

72
Q

After deposit of dentin and enamel, what happens to dental lamina

A

fragments and atrophies

73
Q

At time of eruption, what two things degenerate

A

ameloblasts and enamel organ

74
Q

After tooth eruption the dental papilla shrinks forming what structure?

A

dental pulp, surrounded by dentin

75
Q

Hertwig’s Root Sheath - a proliferation of epithelial cells at the cervical loop of the enamel organ, that initiates what?

A

formation of dentin in teh root by differentiating odontoblasts of the papilla

76
Q

The root sheath eventually disintegrates within the PDL but residual pieces are seen as

A

epithelial cell rests

77
Q

After tooth formation is complete, small amounts of 2’ dentine continue to be produced - may eventually do what?

A

obliterate pulp cavity

78
Q

Overall shape of enamel organ determines what

A

3D shape of crown

79
Q

Outer Rim of Enamel organ is known as what?

A

Hertwig’s Root Sheath - HERS, determines cross sectional outline of tooth

80
Q

Surrounding mesenchyme of EO forms what?

A

Dental Follicle - becomes PDL

81
Q

Enamel organs of permanent teeth develop as?

A

buds from dental lamina and Deciduous EO

82
Q

In molars - dental lamina proliferates caudally to form

A

EOs of 2’ dentition

83
Q

In humans, tooth development begins

A

6th week of fetal development

84
Q

Tooth eruption occurs

A

6-30 months after birth

85
Q

between ______________ years of age, deciduous teeth are replaced by permanent teeth

A

6 & 12

86
Q

Tetracycline - administered during developmetn of permanent teeth does what to enamel?

A

yellow discoloration

87
Q

3rd molars develop

A

sans precursors

88
Q

Orthodontia is accomplished by:

A

osteoblast and osteoclast activity

89
Q

Dental Caries results when weak acids in food and drink erode _____, augmented by bacterial action

A

calcified enamel

90
Q

Fluroide helps

A

harden enamel and kills bacteria

91
Q

Caries may extend into dentin/pulp cavity and produce abcess or death of tooth, leading to the necessity of what procedure

A

root canal

92
Q

Periodontal Disease is caused by:

A

Accumulation of calcified food and bacterial debris (plaque) in gingival sulcus

93
Q

Widening of gingiva sulcus in Perio disease leads to what two things

A

inflammation and destruction of PDL

94
Q

Inflammation of the PDL

A

Periodontitis

Histology (11 decks)

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