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Histology > Pituitary and Pineal Gland > Flashcards

Pituitary and Pineal Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine System communicates via

A

chemical messengers (hormones), secretory products of endocrine cells, carried by bloodstream to target tissue containing receptors

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2
Q

Endocrine organs composed of:

A

secretory cells of epithelial origin

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3
Q

Endocrine glands lack ______ and secrete hormones into ________

A

Ducts, bloodstream

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4
Q

Endocrine system possess rich blood supply with fenestrated capillary networks to:

A

absorb and transport hormones

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5
Q

Endocrine function has slower and longer/ or faster and shorter duration than nervous?

A

slower and longer

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6
Q

coordinates endocrine functions of body - acts as intermediary between ANS and Endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Most Endocrine glands form discreet organs, in pancreas, endocrine, and exocrine tissues intermixed: examples:

A

Ant. Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, and suprarenal (adrenal)

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8
Q

Pituitary also called

A

hypophysis

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9
Q

Pituitary is suspended from a stalk from

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

Pituitary rests in

A

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, posterior to optic chiasm (CN II)

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11
Q

TWo divisions of pituitary

A

Anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypohysis)

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12
Q

Stalk that suspends pituitary

A

infundibulum

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13
Q

portal system assoc with hypophysis

A

hypophyseal portal system - allows communication with hypothalamus

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14
Q

Hypothalamus controls secretion of

A

Anterior pituitary via hypothalamic regulating factors (hormones)

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15
Q

Releasing factors

A

stimualte secretion

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16
Q

Inhibitory factors

A

inhibit secretion

17
Q

Review blood supply

A

INSERT PHOTO

18
Q

Direct Acting Hormones

A

non-endocrine target organ (GH, ADH, MSH, oxytocin, prolactin)

19
Q

Tropic Hormones

A

target organ is another endocrine gland (TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH)

20
Q

What does the anterior/posterior part contain respectively??

A

Anterior - glandular epithelial tissue
Posterior - neural secretory tissue

21
Q

thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, and gonads are all?

A

pituitary dependent endocrine glands

22
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

master gland - “pars anterior, pars distalis”

23
Q

Ant Pituitary arises from

A

evagination of oral cavity in pharynx region

24
Q

Rathke’s pouch is what structure?

A

Pouch that gives rise to all three parts of the Ant pituitary, developmental structure

25
Q

What are the three regions of the Ant Pituitary

A
  1. Pars Distalis - bulk of ant. pituitary
  2. Pars Intermedia - thing layer between ant/post pituitary
  3. Pars Tuberalis - extension of anterior pituitary - forms infundibulum
26
Q

What does Pars Intermedia secrete? What does it retain specifically?

A
  1. MSH and ACTH
  2. Cystic remnants of Rathke’s pouch
27
Q

Pars Distalis secretes how many hormones

A

bulk of pituitary hormones, both direct and trophic

28
Q

What Direct acting hormones come from Pars Distalis

A

GH and Prolactin

29
Q

What trophic hormones come form Pars Distalsi

A

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH

30
Q

Secretory cells used to be classified by stain, are now classified by _____

A

hormone content

31
Q

Chromophils

A

stain

32
Q

Chromophobes

A

do not stain

33
Q

Chromophils - 2 kinds

A

Acidophils - stain with acidic dye - pink H & E
Basophils - stain with basic dye, pale blue light purple on H & E

34
Q

Chromophobes - small cells that do not what?

A

take up either dye, they do represent inactive cells

35
Q

Acidophil subtypes:

A

somatotrophs
mammotrophs

36
Q

Basophil Subtypes

A

Thyrotrophs, Gonadotrophs, and Corticotrophs

37
Q

somatotrophs -

A

50% of cells, Secrete Growth Hormone

Histology (8 decks)

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