Upper GI

Question 1

What at the 5 most common benign neoplasms of the oesophagus/GOJ

Answer 1

Leiomyoma (mecenchymal, >50%)
Developmental cysts and congenital oesophageal duplications
Fibrovascular polyps (most common intraluminal)
Squamous cell papillomas
Granular cell tumours

Question 2

What the ratio of distribution of oesophageal SCC (upper:middle:lower)

Answer 2

1:5:2
(upper:middle:lower)

Question 3

What classifies as distal metastases in gastric cancer (m1 disease)

Answer 3

Lymph nodes in station 13-16 (retropancreas, mesenteric and para-aortic)
Peritoneal seeding
Positive peritoneal cytology
Omental tumour (not continuous extension)
Involvement distal organs

Question 4

What are the classical symptoms of gastric volvulus?

Answer 4

Triad of Borchardt:
Sudden severe epigastric pain
Intractable retching without vomiting
Inability to pass an NGT

Question 5

Complications post bariatric surgery

Answer 5

Structure
Leak
Marginal ulcer
Obstruction
Gastro-oesophageal reflux
Bile reflux
Gastro-gastric fistula
Nutritional deficiencies
Dumping syndrome
Weight gain

Question 6

Forrest classification

Answer 6

Question 7

Component of reflux prevention

Answer 7

Lower oesophageal sphincter
Angle of His
Crua of diaphragm
Oesophageal/gastric pressure gradient
Phreno-oesophageal ligament