Paeds/ENT/ All The Other Flashcards
What are causes of the double bubble sign?
Duodenal atresia
Annular pancreas
Duodenal webs
Causes of sialadenitis
Stones
Bacterial
Viral (eg mumps)
Non-infectious inflammatory (sacroid)
Autoimmune (Sjogrens)
Medications
Alcoholism
Neoplasms of the parotid
Benign (80%)
- pleomorphic adenoma
- papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (Warthins tumour)
-Onocytoma
Malignant:
Metastasis
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Acinic cell carcinoma
Describe an ulcer - vascular
Site
Size
Base
Edges
Surrounding skin
Classification of varicose veins
Causes of secondary hydrocele
Trauma
Infection
Tumour
Torsion
What complications can occur after parotidectomy?
Facial nerve injury
Parotid duct issues
Saliacele (saliva collection under skin)
Salivary fistula
Frey’s syndrome
Skin changes in venous insufficiency
LEGS
Lipodermatosclerosis
Eczema
Gaps in the skin (ie ulceration) - active and healed
Swelling (pedal oedema)
Special examination tests: varicose veins
Trendelenburg test
- elevate leg to empty veins
- palpate SFJ while lying
- keep pressure on, get pt to stand
- if Varicose veins refill there are distal incompetent perforators
Tourniquet test
- place tourniquet while lying
- stand
- if veins refill incompetent vein is below level of tourniquet
Causes of secondary raynaud’s phenomenon
Connective tissues diseases
- incl CREST
Drugs
- b-blocker
- OCP
- chemo agents
- migraine meds
Arterial disease
Nerve disorders
Occupational
- vibrating tools
Other
- hypothyroidism
- increased blood viscosity