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FRACS Study > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal

A

Anterior wall - external oblique aponeurosis
Floor - inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament
Roof - lower edge internal oblique and transversus muscles
Posterior wall - conjoint tendon (medial) transversalis fascia (lateral)

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2
Q

Position of branchial cleft cysts

A

1st - angle of mandible
2nd - upper mid- neck ant to SCM
3rd and 4th - lower neck anterior to SCM
Thyroglossal duct cysts in midline

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3
Q

What structures form from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch?

A

Interior parathyroid
Thymus

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4
Q

What structure forms from the 4th pharyngeal pouch?

A

Superior parathyroid

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5
Q

What structures are formed from the ultimobranchial body?

A

(This is the remnant of the 5th pharyngeal pouch)

Parafollicular c cells of the thyroid

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6
Q

Sympathetic nervous system - spinal levels of supply

A
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7
Q

Differences in surgical vagotomies

A

Truncal vagotomy- cutting the trunks at level of the abdominal aorta

Selective vagotomy - cutting nerves after the give off the hepatic branches (ant/left) or the branches to the coeliac plexus (post/right)

Highly selective vagotomy - cutting the branches only to fundus and body, leaving the branches to the Antrum and pylorus intact

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8
Q

Branches, primary target muscle and clinical assessment of facial nerve branches

A

Temporal; frontalis; raise eyebrows
Zygomatic; orbicularis oculi; close eyes
Buccal; puff checks out
Mandibular; depressor anguli oris; show bottom teeth
Cervical; platysma; clench neck

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9
Q

What is supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

External branch - motor to cricothyroid
Internal branch - sensory above the vocal cords

Cricothyroid tightens the vocal cords. Damage leads to inability to high high notes/project voice

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10
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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11
Q

Branches of the external carotid artery

A

Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

(Some anatomists like to freak out poor medical students)

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12
Q

Superficial venous system of the lower limb (ant view)

A
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13
Q

Superficial venous system of the lower limb (posterior view)

A
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14
Q

Tributaries of the great saphenous vein, around junction

A

Superficial circumflex iliac vein
Superficial epigastric vein
Superficial external pudendal vein
Deep external pudendal vein

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15
Q

Describe the course of the great saphenous vein

A

Origin: medial marginal vein of the foot
Anterior to medial malleolus
Medial border of tibia toward knee
Handbreath behind medial border of patella
Passes medially up thigh
Terminates: passes through cruciform fascia and joins femoral vein at the saphenous opening (around 3cm below and lateral to pubic tubercle)

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16
Q

Origin and branches of the sciatic nerve

A

Origin: sacral plexus, L4-S3
Passes through greater sciatic foramen into the posterior thigh

Branches:
Tibial nerve (gives off sural nerve, medial cut sural nerve, interossosus nerve of leg)
Common peroneal nerve (gives off superficial and deep peroneal nerves and lateral sural cut nerve)
Branches to supply hamstrings

17
Q

Femoral triangle:
Borders and contents

A

Borders
Inguinal ligament
Medial border of sartorius
Medial border adductor longus
Floor: pectineus, adductor longus, iliopsoas
Roof: fascia lata

Contents:
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymph nodes

18
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Action: extension and adduction of arm; stabiliser of shoulder girdle

Innervation: thorodorsal (c6/7/8)

Arterial: thorodorsal artery, branch of subclavian

Origin: from T7 to lumbosacral spines and posterior iliac crest
Attachments: lower scapula and lower 4 ribs
Insertion: intertubercular groove

19
Q

Branches of the axillary artery

A

1st part:
Superior thoracic artery

2nd part:
Lateral thoracic
Thoracoacromial

3rd part:
Subscapular (becomes Thorocodorsal)
Circumflex humeral
Circumflex scapular

20
Q

Borders of the quadrangle space

A

Tunnel from axilla to the arm

Teres major
Long head of biceps
Subscapularis
Humerus

21
Q

Branches of the vagus (in the neck)

A

Pharyngeal branch
Superior laryngeal nerve - external and internal branches
Branches to carotid bodies
Branches to cervical plexus

22
Q

Structures at level of manubroosternal joint/T4

A

Under aortic arch
Pulmonary arteries
Cross over of azygous vein
Carina

23
Q

posterior triangle of the neck

A

Borders:
Anterior border trapizeus
SCM
Clavicle
Floor - pretracheal fascia
Roof - deep cervical fascia

Contents:
Lymph nodes
Nerves: accessory nerve; cutaneous branches to neck
Vessels: transverse cervical and suprascapular vessels, external jugular, subclavian artery

24
Q

Branches of the subclavian artery

A

VIT C D

1st part:
Vertebral
Internal mammary/thoracic
Thyrocervical trunk (inf thyroid, transverse cervical and suprascapular)

2nd part:
Costocervical trunk

3rd part:
Dorsal scapular

The artery is divided by the scalene anterior

25
Q

Branches of the internal iliac artery

A

Posterior division
Iliolumbar
Lateral sacral
Superior gluteal

Anterior division
Bladder: superior vesical, obliterated umbilical and inferior vesical
Visceral: middle rectal, uterine and vaginal
Parietal: obturator, internal pudendal and inferior gluteal

26
Q

Triangle of doom and triangle of pain: borders and contents

A

Doom: vas, gonadal vessels and peritoneal reflection
contains iliacs and genital branch of genitofemoral

Pain: ileopubic tract, gonadal vessels and reflected peritonum
Contains: ant and lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, femoral branch of the genitofemoral, femoral nerve and the deep circumflex iliac vessels

27
Q

Relations of the parotid gland

A

Mastoid process posteriorly and ramus of the mandible
Muscles: diagastric, SCM, masseter and medial pterygoid
Facial nerve (between deep and superficial parotid)
Retromandibular vein (deep to nerve)

28
Q

Course of the phrenic nerve

A

Branch from the cervical plexus
Anterior to anterior scalene
Passes pleura, posterior to subclavian vein, anterior to artery
Passes anterior to vagus
Anterior to lung roots
Through chest the right phrenic follows the venous structures (right BC, SVC, right atrium)
The left follows arterial structures (to left venticle and apex of heart)

Provides motor to diaphragm and sensory to medial aspects

29
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Drains all lymph from lower body and left chest/arm

Originates cisterna chyli
Passes diaphragm T12 with aorta and azgous
Passes from right to left of oesophagus at T5
Lies anterior to aortic intercostals and hemi-azygos
Posterior to aortic arch and left subclavian
Loops anteriorally over lung apex to enter at confluence of subclavian and internal jugular veins

30
Q

Contents of the carpal tunnel

A

Median nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor carpi radialis

FRACS Study (16 decks)

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