Upper forelimb (Yr4) Flashcards
what do owners mean when they refer to the knee?
carpus
what are the bones of the proximal row of the carpus?
(medial) radial carpal bone, intermediate carpal bone, ulnar carpal bone, accessory carpal bone (lateral)
what are the bones of the distal row in the carpus?
(medial) C2, C3, C4 (lateral)
what is the proximal joint of the carpus called?
radiocarpal (antebrachiocarpal)
what joint spaces communicate in the carpus?
middle carpal and carpometacarpal joint
what can cause carpal osteoarthritis?
trauma, sepsis, fractures, soft tissue injury…
poor conformation
how can carpal osteoarthritis be managed?
intra-articular medications and NSAIDs
what is an osteochondral fragmentation of the carpus called?
carpal chip fracture
what are the possible reasons for a osteochondral fragment of the carpus?
osteoarthritis (ostephyte formation)
racing breeds during training (abnormal loading)
how is osteochondral fragmentation treated?
arthroscopic removal of fragment
what is a common fracture of the carpus associated with trauma?
accessory carpal bone
how are carpal bone fractures treated?
most heal by fibrosis with conservative management (surgical repair is difficult as it is a curved shallow bone)
what is the carpal canal?
a tendon sheath containing the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons
what problems can occur with the carpal canal?
idiopathic tenosynovitis
septic tenosynovitis
tendinitis of SDFT/DDFT
desmitis of accessory ligament of SDFT
radial physeal exostosis
accessory carpal bone fractures
what is the accessory ligament of the SDFT also known as?
superior check ligament
how can carpal subluxations be treated?
stabilise with full limb bandage and splints
surgery might be possible
often require euthanasia is there are fractures or carpal bone collapse involved
what is the outcome for open/complete radial fractures?
euthanasia
how can radial fractures be treated?
full limb bandage with caudal and lateral splint if closed/incomplete fracture
internal fixation in foals
