Developmental disease (Yr 3) Flashcards
what is the precursor to bone in utero?
cartilage
where are the two sites of endochrondral ossification?
metaphyseal growth plate
articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex
what are the main areas of longitudinal bone growth?
metaphyseal (growth plates)
epiphyseal (articular epiphyseal cartilage complex)
how do cuboidal bones grow?
epiphyseal articular cartilage complex (don’t have a secondary centre of ossification/growth plate)
what anatomical sections are there at the growth plate?
resting cartilage
proliferative cartilage (when they divide)
hypertrophic cartilage (cells get bigger)
calcifying cartilage (cells die and get calcified)
secondary spongiosa
is blood supply needed for endochondral ossification?
yes
when may endochondral ossification malfunction at the physical growth plate?
abnormal deposition of the matrix
abnormal mineralisation
poor conversion to bone
retention of cartilage
what are the results of malfunction in the process of endochondral ossification at the physical growth plates?
slow or uneven growth
what are the results of malfunction in the process of endochondral ossification at the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex?
slow or uneven growth
cartilage flaps
what are the affects of abnormal endochondral ossification?
affects the…
rate of growth
direction of growth
health of articular cartilage
what is chondrodysplasia?
abnormal endochondral ossification leading to stunted growth
what is osteochondrosis?
broad term describing abnormalities associated with the cartilages found in joints
what is osteochondritis?
inflammation associated with osteochondrosis
what is osteochondritis dissecans?
clinical manifestation of abnormal endochondral ossification leads to cartilaginous or osteochondral flaps/defects within the joint
what are some abnormalities that can lead to OCD?
disruption of blood supply
abnormal chondrocyte maturation
defective matric production
persistence of hypertrophic chondrocytes