Foot penetrations (Yr 4) Flashcards
what direction do hoof cracks usually run?
proximo-distally (with horn tubules)
what are transverse cracks for the hoof wall associated with?
coronary band injury
what are some possible sequelae of hoof cracks?
forces lead to further separation causing infection and pain
how are hood cracks treated?
characterise depth/direction (is it effecting sensitive tissue?)
farriery - debride, filler to stabilise, trim and shoes
treat underlying causes and antibiotics if infected
why is severe haemorrhage common with hoof injuries?
digital cushion is highly vascularised (lot of blood flow to the foot)
what structures are a concern with laceration/overreach injuries to the hoof?
coronary band
DIP/PIP/NB/DFTS
DDFT/SDFT/extensor tendons/collateral ligaments
what do you need to consider when treating lacerations/overreach injuries of the foot?
close by secondary/primary intention - size, contamination…
preserve coronary band as best as possible
antibiotics, NSAIDs
flush synovial structures
casting/bandage to protect and prevent movement
what is the DIP joint known as?
coffin
what is the PIP joint known as?
pastern joint
what are the two penetrating injuries associated with shoeing?
nail bind
shoeing prick
what is nail bind?
nail of shoe placed close to sensitive structure causing mild lameness
what is shoeing prick?
nail places into sensitive structures of hoof causing immediate pain/bleeding and can develop into an abscess
what are the clinical signs of a subsolar abscess?
severe acute lameness
increased digital pulse
increased hoof temperature
sensitive to hoof testers
how are subsolar abscesses treated?
drainage!!
poultice (magnesium sulphate)
bandage when draining
tetanus prophylaxis
NSAIDs/antibiotics if required
where is the impar ligament found?
between navicular bone and P3
what are some possible underlying causes of chronic hoof abscesses?
insufficient drainage
immunesuppression
keratoma
sequel to laminitis
bone sequestrum/collateral cartilage infection
infective osteitis
what is quitter?
infection of collateral cartilages
what is the typical cause of quitter?
trauma/wound (leads to swelling and chronic discharge from coronary band)
what is a keratoma?
benign tumour of the hoof or solar horn
how does a keratoma appear on radiographs?
smooth radiolucent defect in P3
what are the main clinical signs of a keratoma?
chronic intermittent lameness with discharge and abnormal area of keratinisation
what is canker?
chronic hypertrophy of germinal layer of frog epithelium often linked with Fusobacterium necrophorum (causes a hyperkeratotic horn)
how can canker be treated?
improve environment
debride topical formalin and metronidazole
may need surgery
what is white line disease?
progressive crumbling and poor hoof quality with separation at the white line
what factors can contribute to white line disease?
warm, wet weather
zinc/selenium/biotin deficiency
(secondary bacterial infection)
how is white line disease treated?
remove abnormal horn then support remaining horn with bar shoe and hoof acrylics
(prevent progression with feed supplements and environmental modification)
