Upper Extremity Osteology Flashcards
What do we call our hand?
Our arm is called our [brachium].
It extends from our shoulder–> elbow.
What is our forearm called?
Our forearm is called our [anti-brachium].
What do we call our hand?
Manus
What does our clavicle attach to?
- Scapula
2. Sternum
What does the sternal end of the clavicle attach to?
The [clavicular notch] on the [manubrium] of the [sternum].
Structures on the acromial end of the clavicle are name for what?
They are named for the ligaments that attach to them.
What attaches to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle?
Conoid ligament
What attaches to the trapezoid line of the clavicle?
Trapezoid ligament
CN: Clavicular Greenstick Fractures
The clavicle is one of the most fractured bones in the body due to falling.
In younger children, when the clavicle breaks, it is often incomplete and called a “greenstick”
What goes through the [suprascapular notch] of the scapula .
Suprascapular artery and nerve
What is the process on the scapula that begins with a C?
Coracoid process
(extra ‘C’ for
Where do the LONG Heads of the [Biceps Brachii M] and [Triceps Brachii M] attach to?
Above and below the glenoid cavity
What attaches to the [supraglenoid tubercle]?
Long head of the [Biceps Brachii m].
What attaches to the [infraglenoid tubercle]?
Long head of the [Triceps Brachii m].
What attaches to the [deltoid tubercle] of the scapula?
Deltoid M.
What is located in the [supraspinous fossa]?
Supraspinatus M.
What is located in the infraspinous fossa?
Infraspinatus M.
What is located in the subscapular fossa?
Subscapularis M.
What does the humerus articulate with?
The glenoid cavity of the scapula
Radius
Ulna
What attaches to the [Greater tubercle of the humerus]
Supraspinatus M.
Infraspinatus M.
Tres Minor M.
What attaches the [Lesser tubercle of the humerus]?
Subscapularis M.
What attaches to the intertubercular groove?
Teres Major m.
Pectoralis Major m.
Latissimus Dorsi m.
What is contained in the radial groove of the humerus?
- Radial nerve
2. Deep brachial artery
Humeral condyle allows for articulation with what?
Radius and Ulna
What does the capitulum of the humerus articulate with?
Fovea of the radial head
Why is the [GREATER TUBERCLE of the humerus] susceptible to avulsion (tearing).
It is susceptible to aversion by the
Supraspinatus M
Infraspinatus M aaaand
Teres Minor M
that insert there.
Why do we get weird feeling when we hit our “funny-bone”.
Our ulnar nerve travels through the [groove for the ulnar n] on our humerus. When it is compressed in this groove, we get the funny bone feeling.
How can we break out [medial humeral epicondyle]?
Severe abduction of our extended elbow.
ulna: is the proximal or distal end bigger?
Proximal. Ulna head is SMALL.
This makes sense because the proximal of the radius is smaller.
Is the ulnar head located proximal or distal?
Distal.
Does the ulnar head articulate with the carpals?
No.
Articular discs at the radiocarpal joint prevent this.
What is a fractured elbow?
When we fracture the [olecranon process] of the ulna.
Fractured elbows (olecranon processes) often occur because our tripceps brachii are very forceful.
A fractured elbow is considered what kind of fracture?
Avulsion fracture.
It is difficult to fix.
What is a Colle’s Fracture?
When we try to break our fall, often we can damage the distal end of our radius. In this process, the [styloid process of the ulna] is also broken.
What kind of deformity can we see in Colle’s fracture?
“Dinner fork deformity”
What is the bone below the thumb?
Trapezium
What is the most commonly damaged carpal bone?
Scaphoid bone
CN: Scaphoid fracture
The scaphoid is our most commonly damaged bone in our hand, because we often try to break out fall.
Often times, we cannot see it on a radiograph so it goes undiagnosed as a severe sprain. This is bad because the distal fragments of the bone will get cut off from their blood supply and undergo necrosis.
Lateral boundary of our tunnel for carpal tunnel
Scaphoid tubercle
Tubercle of the trapezium
Medial boundary of our tunnel for carpal tunnel
Hook of the hamate
Pisiform
What is carpal tunnel
Carpal tunnel is a condition caused by the compression of the [MEDIAN NERVE] as it travels under the [TRANSVERSE CARPAL LIGAMENT: FLEXOR RETINACULUM]. Also traveling here are tendons of the
(flexor carpi radialis)
(flexor digitorum profundus)
(superficialis m).
When they swell, they can compress the median nerve, causing parasthesia and pain.
How can we fix carpal tunne;
We can cut the [transverse carpal ligament], but they will will not be able to flex their arm as much?
What is the guyon tunnel
Ulnar canal.
The [GUYON TUNNEL/ULNAR CANAL] is located where?
The depression between our pisiform and hook of hamate.
Traveling in the guyon canal is the Ulnar N, which is susceptible to compression.
When it is compressed, we get loss of sensation and muscle weakness.
How can we get compression of our ulnar nerve in our Guyon canal?
Cycling.
Thus, it is called a HANDLEBAR NEUROPATHY.
CN: Boxers Fracture
When we punch, the 5th metacarpal is the most susceptible to fracture. This is called a Boxer’s fracture
Boxers will often break what?
5th metacarpal
How do we often fracture our distal phalanges?
Closing them in a door.
Is it easy to realign bone fragments?
No.
Because of the intricate relationship with our [phalanges] and our [FLEXOR TENDONS], this must be done carefully to maintain function
What are the 3 joints of the shoulder girdle?
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Glenohumeral joint
Sternoclavicular joint
connects the sternal end of the clavicle to the manubrium of the sternum
Acromioclavicular joint
connects the acromion of the scapula to the acromial end of the clavicle
Glenohumal joint is what kind of joint?
Spheroid joint (ball and socket)
Sternoclavicular joint contains what?
Articular disk of fibrocartilage
Acromioclavicular joint contains what?
Articular disk of fibrocartilage
What is special about glenohumeral joint
It is a ball and socket type of joint.
To better fit the ball into the glenoid cavity, the glenoid cavity has a ring of fibrocartilage around it called the Glenoid Labrum. It helps to deepen the space
CN: Glenoid Labrum tears
The anterosuperior part of our glenoid labrum commonly tears when we throw a ball.
This is usually caused by a sudden contraction of the Biceps Brachii
Glenoid labrum tears is commonly caused in sudden contraction of the __________.
Biceps brachii M.
Like when we throw a ball.
What is the radiocarpal joint?
The radiocarpal joint is located in our wrist.
It connects the [radial articular surface for the carpal bones] with the [carpals]
In this joint, the ulna is blocked from attached by [ARTICULAR DISKS]
