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Anatomy > Back Myology > Flashcards

Back Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Is skeletal muscle striated?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What are the the 4 general types of striated skeletal muscle?

A
  1. Flat (broad) skeletal muscle
  2. Pennate muscles
  3. Fusiform muscles
  4. Digastric muscles
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3
Q

Description of flat skeletal muscles

A

They are thin and expanive (can stretch alot)

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4
Q

Description of pennate skeletal muscles

A

Pennate skeletal muscles are feather-like.

There are 3 types:

  1. Unipennate skeletal muscle
  2. Bipennate skeletal muscles
  3. Multipennate skeletal muscles
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5
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Attaches bone to bone

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6
Q

What is a tendon

A

Attaches muscle to bone

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7
Q

Description of a fusiform muscle

A

Fusiform skeletal muscle is spindle shaped with a thick middle and skinny ends. 3 kinds:

  1. Bicipital muscles–> muscle with two heads
  2. Tripcipital–> muscle with three heads
  3. Quadracipital muscle–> muscle with 4 heads
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8
Q

There are 6 layers of back muscles. The first three are _____ and the last three are _____.

A

6 layers:

The first three are extrinsic and superficial

The last three are intrinsic and deep

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9
Q

What innervates layers 1-3 of the back muscle?

A

Layers 1-3 are innervated by a branch of the [anterior ramus] of a [cranial nerve].

Layers 4-6 are innvervated by posterior rami.

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10
Q

Layer 1 Muscles

A
  1. Trapezius muscle
  2. Latissimus Dorsi muscle
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11
Q

Trapezius muscle

Action:

What does the whole muscle do, upper fibers, lower fibers, and what does it do when the scapula is fixed?

Innervation:

A

Action:

1. Whole muscle: Retract the scapula, rotating the gleniod cavity superiorly

2. Upper fibers: elevate the scapula

3. Lower fibers: depress the scapula

4. When the scapula fixed:

Upper fibers will extend the neck bilaterally

Laterally flex the neck

Rotate the face away

Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve 11

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12
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

Action:

Innervation:

Blood supply?

A

Action:

Adduct the humerus

Medially rotate the humerus

Rotate the gleniod cavity inferiorly

Innvertion: thorcadorsal N.

Blood supply: thoracodorsal artery

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13
Q

Which is usually above and below: major and minor?

A

Minor is usually above major

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14
Q

Layer 2 Muscles

A
  1. Rhomboid major muscle
  2. Rhomboid minor muscle
  3. Levator scapulae muscle
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15
Q

Rhomboid major M.

Layer:

Action:

Innervation:

Blood supply:

A

Layer: 2

Action: retract & elevate the scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity down (inferiorly)

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Blood supply: dorsal scapular artery

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16
Q

Rhomboid minor m.

Layer:

Action:

Innervation:

A

Layer: 2

Action: retract and elevate the scapula, rotating the glenoid cavity down

I: dorsal scapular nerve.

Blood supply: dorsal scapular artery

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17
Q

Levator Scapulae M

Layer:

Action:

Innervation:

A

Levator Scapulae Muscle

Layer 2

Action: elevate the scapula, rotating the glenoid cavity inferiorly

When the scapula is fixed, it will extend and laterally flex the neck

Innervation: Dorsal scapular n.

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18
Q

Layer 3 muscles

A
  1. [Serratus Posterior] Superior M.
  2. [Serratus Posterior] Inferior M.
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19
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior M.

Layer:

Action:

Innervation:

Blood supply:

A

Layer: 3

Action: Elevate the ribs during forced inspiration (breathing in)

Innervation: 2-5th intercostal N.

Blood supply: intercostal arteries

20
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior M

Layer:

Action:

Innervation:

A

Layer: 3

Action: Depress the ribs during forced expiration (breathing out)

Innervation: Anterior Rami of 9-12 intercostal nerves

21
Q

Layer 4 muscles

A
  1. Splenuis capitis m.
  2. Splenuis cervicis m.

These are responsible for moving the [HEAD] and [NECK].

22
Q

Layer, Action and Innervation of:

Splenius Capitis M.

AND

Splenius Cervicus

***They do the same exact thing

A

Splenius capitus m. - Goes to the skull

Splenius cervicus m. -goes to the neck

Layer: 4

Action:

  1. Extends the neck bilaterally
  2. Flex the neck laterally
  3. Rotate the face toward the muscle

Innervation: posterior rami

23
Q

which 2 muscles have actions that are [primarily propioceptive]?

A
  1. Serratus posterior superior m.
  2. Serratus posterior inferior m.
24
Q

Tell me about the layer 5 muscles.

A

Layer 5 muscles are called the [erector spinae group].

They help to keep the spine straight. There are 3 main groups: I LOVE SEX;

  1. Iliocostalis muscle (most lateral)
  2. Longissimus muscle (medial)
  3. Spinalis muscle(most medial)
25
Q

Layer 5: Erector Spinae Group

Action:

Innervation:

A

Erector Spinae Group (spinalis, longissimus and iliocostalis muscles)

Action:

  1. Help us stand in a erect posture
  2. Extend the [vertebral column and head] when working bilaterally
  3. Flex the vertebral column laterally (unilaterally).

Innervation:

posterior rami

26
Q

Name the 3 Illiocostalis muscles

A
  1. Iliocostalis lumborum m.
  2. Iliocostalis thoracis m.
  3. Iliocostalis cervicis m.
27
Q

Name the 3 longissimus muscles

A
  1. Longissimus thoracis m.
  2. longissimus cervicis m.
  3. Longissimus capitis m.
28
Q
A
29
Q

Longissimus capitis m. action

A
  1. Extends the neck
  2. Flexes the neck
  3. Rotates the face toward the muscle unilaterally
30
Q

What are the 3 parts of the spinalis m.

A
  1. Spinalis capitis m.
  2. Spinalis cervicis m.
  3. Spinalis thoracis m.
31
Q

The spinalis thoracis m. often blends in with what muscle?

A

longissimus thoracis m.

This is the only muscle you can probably see.

32
Q

What spinalis muscles cannot usually be seen or are absent?

A
  1. Spinalis cervicis
  2. Spinalis capitis
33
Q

What is a back sPRAIN?

A

A injury to the ligament in between bone, often due to not stretching before activites

34
Q

What is a back sTRAIN?

A

A back strain can be caused when you strain a muscle from too much stretching and tearing of a muscle fiber.

As a result, your muscles will spasm (involuntarily contract) and inflame to protect.

35
Q

What are layer 6 muscles called?

A

Transversospinalis group.

Layer 6 is called transversospinalis group because they come from a transverse process and go to a spinous sprocess at every level.

36
Q

What are the layer 6 muscles called?

A
  1. Rotatores brevis muscle (goes to the adjacent spinal segment)
  2. Rotatores longus muscle (2 segments away)
  3. Multifidis m (extends 3 or 4 spinal segments away)
  4. Semispinalis group (5+ spinal segments away).
37
Q

What are the three types of semispinalis muscles?

A
  1. Semispinalis capitis muscle
  2. Semispinalis cervicis muscle
  3. Semispinalis thoracis muscle
38
Q

Semispinalis capitis muscle

Action:

  1. Extends head
  2. Rotates the face away (makes sense because it is the most superior)

Innervation: Posterior rami

A
39
Q

Semispinalis cervicis muscle

Layer:

Action:

Innervation:

A

Layer: 6

Action:

  1. Extends the spine
  2. Rotate spine AWAY

Innervation:

Posterior Rami

40
Q

Semispinalis Thoracis Muscle

Layer:

Action:

Innervation:

A

Layer: 6

Action:

  1. Extends the spine
  2. Rotates the spine away

Innervation:

Posterior rami

41
Q

Rotatores brevis muscle

Rotatores longus muscle

Multifidus muscle

—-they all do the same thing—-

Layer:

Action:

Innervation:

A

Rotatores brevis muscle- extends to the adjacent spinous process

Rotatores longus muscle- extends 2 spinous processes away

Multifidus muscle- extends 3 or 4 spinous processes away

Layer: 6

Action:

  1. Extend the spine
  2. Rotate the spine away
  3. Primarily propioceptive

Innervation:

Posterior Rami

42
Q

Where is the multifidus muscle best developed?

A

Lumbar region

43
Q

Which is the best developed semispinalis muscle?

A

Semispinalis capitis muscle

44
Q

There are 4 muscles in the suboccipital region:

A
  1. Rectus capitis posterior major muscle
  2. Rectos
45
Q
A

Anatomy (10 decks)

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