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MSK > Upper Extremity Myology > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracoappendicular (anterior axioappendiclar) muscles

A

Pectoralis major M.
Pectoralis minor M.
Subclavius M.
Serratus anterior M.

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2
Q

Pectoralis Major M.

A

O: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages 1-6
I: lateral edge intertubercular groove of humerus
A: adduct and medially rotate humerus, protracts and depresses scapula, clavicular head flexes humerus, sternocostal head extends the humerus from the flexed state
N: Lateral AND medial pectoral Ns.
Blood supply: Thoracoacromial A, pectoral branch

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3
Q

Pectoralis Minor M.

A

Deep to pectoralis major M.
O: Medial aspect of ribs
I: coracoid process of scapula
A: stabilizes scapula by protracting and depressing it against thoracic wall
N: medial pectoral N. (Pierced by this)
Blood supply: Thoracoacromial A., pectoral branch

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4
Q

Subclavius M.

A 
O: first rib and costal cartilage
I: inferior aspect of clavicle
A: positions and depresses the clavicle
N: Subclavius N.
Blood supply: Thoracoacromial A., clavicular branch
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5
Q

Serratus anterior M.

A

O: lateral external surface of ribs
I: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
A: protracts scapula. Stabilizes against thoracic wall, rotates glenoid cavity superiorly
N: Long thoracic N.
A: Lateral thoracic A.

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6
Q

“Winging” of the scapula

A

Results from an injury to the long thoracic N. Or the serratus anterior M.

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7
Q

Posterior axioappendicular muscles

A 
Trapezius M.
Latissimus dorsi M.
Rhomboid Major M.
Rhomboid Minor M.
Levator Scapulae M.
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8
Q

Scapulohumeral Ms.

A 
Deltoid M.
Subscapularis M.
Supraspinatus M.
Infraspinatus M.
Teres Minor M.
Teres Major M.
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9
Q

Deltoid M.

A

O: Clavicle, scapular spine, acromion
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: Anterior part: flex and medially rotate humerus
Middle part: abduct humerus
Posterior part: extend and laterally rotate humerus
N: Axillary N.
Blood supply: Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial trunk

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10
Q

Subscapularis M.

A 
Rotator cuff
O: subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medially rotate and ADduct humerus, holds humeral head in glenoid cavity
N: upper and lower subscapular Ns.
Blood supply: Subscapular A.
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11
Q

Supraspinatus M.

A 
Rotator cuff
O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: ABduct humerus (with deltoid M.), holds the humeral head in glenoid cavity
N: Suprascapular N.
Blood supply: Suprascapular A.
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12
Q

Infraspinatus M.

A 
Rotator cuff
O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Lateral rotation, holds humeral head in glenoid cavity
N: Suprascapular N.
Blood supply: Suprascapular A.
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13
Q

Teres Minor M.

A

Rotator cuff
O: Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula (superior)
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Lateral rotation, holds the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
N: Axillary N.
Blood supply: Circumflex scapular A.

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14
Q

Teres Major M.

A

O: Posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula (inferior, larger)
I: Medial edge of Intertubercular groove of humerus (anterior)
A: ADdct and medially rotate humerus
N: Lower Subscapular N.
Blood supply: Circumflex scapular A.

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15
Q

Triangular space

A

Borders: Teres Minor M., Teres major M., and long head of triceps brachii M.
Contents: Circumflex scapular A. And N.

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16
Q

Quadrangle space

A

Borders: Teres minor M., Teres major M., Long and Lateral heads of triceps brachii M.
Contents: Axillary N., Posterior humeral circumflex A. And V.

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17
Q

Triangular Interval

A

Borders: Teres Major M., Lateral and Long head of triceps brachii M.
Contents: Deep Brachial A. And V., Radial N.

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18
Q

Anterior compartment of Brachial muscles

A

Coracobrachialis M.
Biceps Brachii M.
Brachialis M.

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19
Q

Coracobrachialis M.

A

O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: medial aspect of the humeral body
A: Flex and ADduct humerus
N: Musculocutaneous N.

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20
Q

Biceps Brachii M.

A

O: Long head-Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head-coracoid process of scapula
I: Radial tuberosity of humerus and antebrachial fascia as the bicipital aponeurosis
A: Flex humerus, flex supine forearm and supinate forearm, short head resists dislocation at the shoulder
N: Musculocutaneous N.

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21
Q

Brachialis M.

A

O: Distal half of the anterior aspect of the humeral body
I: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
A: Flex the forearm
N. Musculocutaneous N.

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22
Q

Biceps tendinitis

A

Repetitive movement of long head of the Biceps T. Through the intertubercular groove causes inflammation

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23
Q

Popeye deformity

A

Biceps tendon separates entirely from origin and balls up in arm

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24
Q

Posterior compartment of Brachial Ms.

A

Triceps brachii M.

Aconeus M.

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25
Q

Triceps Brachii M.

A

O: Long head-infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head- posterior aspect of the humeral body, superior to the radial groove
Medial head- posterior aspect of the humeral body, inferior to the radial groove
I: Olecrenon of ulna and antebrachial fascia
A: Extend the forearm, long head resist dislocation of shoulder
N: Radial N.

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26
Q

Anconeus M.

A

O: Lateral humeral epicondyle
I: Lateral aspect of olecrenon
A: with triceps brachii M. Extends the forearm, stabilizes elbow joint
N: Radial N.

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27
Q

Superficial Layer of Antebrachial Flexor Ms.

A

Pronator teres M.
Flexor carpi radialis M.
Palmaris Longus M. (Sometimes absent)
Flexor carpi ulnaris M.

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28
Q

Pronator Teres M.

A 
Superficial antebrachial flexor M.
O: Humeral head-medial humeral epicondyle
Ulnar head- coronoid process of ulna
I: Lateral aspect of radius
A: pronate and flex forearm
N: Median N.
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29
Q

What common origin do all of the flexors of the forearm share?

A

Medial humeral epicondyle

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30
Q

What common origin do all of the extensors of the forearm share?

A

Lateral humeral epicondyle

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31
Q

Flexor carpi radialis M.

A

Superficial antebrachial flexor M.
O: Medial humeral epicondyle
I: Ventral aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
A: flex forearm, flex and ABduct hand at wrist
N: Median N.

32
Q

Palmaris longus M.

A

Superficial antebrachial flexor M.
O: medial humeral epicondyle
I: Palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
A: flex forearm, flex hand and tenses palmar aponeurosis
N: Median N.

33
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris M.

A

Superficial Antebrachial Flexor M.
O: Humeral head-medial humeral epicondyle
ulnar head-olecrenon and posterior ulna
I: Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
A: Flex forearm, flex and ADduct hand at the wrist
N: Ulnar N.

34
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis M.

A

Intermediate flexor of forearm
O: Humeroulnar head-medial humeral epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna
Radial head-superior half of anterior aspect of radius
I: Bifed insertion on the intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flex forearm, flex hand at wrist, flex proximal and intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5 at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
N: Median N.

35
Q

Deep layer of flexors of forearm

A

Flexor digitorum Profundus M.
Flexor pollicis Longus M.
Pronator quadratus M.

36
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus M.

A

Deep flexor of forearm
O: Proximal ulna and interosseus membrane
I: ventral aspect of bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 (the tendon passes through the bifed tendon for the flexor digitorum superficial M to its insertion)
A: flex hand at wrist, flex proximal, intermediate, and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal, proximal, and distal interphalangeal joints
N: Lateral part: Anterior interosseus N. (Of the median N.)
Medial part: ulnar N.

37
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus M.

A

Deep flexor of the forearm
O: Anterior aspect of the radius and interosseus membrane
I: ventral aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the Pollux
A: Flex hand, flex and ABduct 1st metacarpal at the 1st carpometacarpal joint, flex both proximal and distal phalanges of the Pollux at the interphalangeal joints
N: Anterior interosseus N.

38
Q

Pronator Quadratus M.

A 
Deep flexor of the forearm
O: Anterior aspect of the distal ulna
I: anterior aspect of the distal radius
A: pronate forearm, hold ulna and radius together
N: Anterior interosseus N.
39
Q

What is the anterior interosseus N. A branch of?

A

Median N.

40
Q

What is the posterior interosseus N. A branch of?

A

Radial N. (Deep branch)

41
Q

Superficial layers of extensors of the forearm

A 
Brachioradialis M.
EXtensor carpi radialis longus M.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis M.
Extensor Digitorum M.
Extensor Digit Minimi M.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
42
Q

Brachioradialis M.

A 
Superficial extensor of forearm
O: Lateral humeral supracondylar ridge
I: lateral aspect of the distal radius
A: Flex forearm (most force when forearm is midpronated)
N: Radial N.
43
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus M.

A

Superficial extensor of forearm
O: Lateral humera supracondylar ridge
I: Dorsal aspect of the base of the 2nd metacarpal
A: Extend and ABduct hand at the wrist (active during fist clenching)
N: Radial N.

44
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis M.

A 
Superficial extensor of forearm
O: Lateral humeral epicondyle
I: dorsal aspect of the base of the 3rd metacarpal
A: extend and ABduct hand at the wrist
N: Deep radial N.
45
Q

Extensor digitorum M.

A 
Superficial extensor of the forearm
O: lateral humeral epicondyle
I: extensor expansions of digits 2-5
A: Extend hand at wrist, extend all phalanges of digits 2-5 at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal, and distal interphalangeal joints
N: Posterior interosseus N.
46
Q

Extensor digiti minimi M.

A 
Superficial extensor of the forearm
O: lateral humeral epicondyle
I: extensor expansion of digit 5
A: extend all phalanges at digit 5 at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal, and distal interphalangeal joints
N: posterior interosseus N.
47
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris M.

A

Superficial extensor of the forearm
O: Lateral humeral epicondyle
I: Dorsal aspect of the base of the 5th metacarpal
A: Extend and ADduct hand at wrist (active during fist clenching)
N: Posterior interosseus N.

48
Q

Elbow tendinitis

A

“Tennis elbow”

Pain over lateral epicondyle and down posterior forearm from repetitive use of superficial extensor muscles

49
Q

Golfers elbow

A

Medial epicondyle strained and inflamed

50
Q

Deep extensors of the forearm

A

Supinator M.

Extensor Indicis M.

51
Q

Supinator M.

A 
Deep extensor of the forearm
O: lateral humeral epicondyle, supinator crest and supinator fossa of ulna
I: proximal aspect of the radial body
A: supinate forearm
N: deep radial N.
52
Q

Extensor Indicis M.

A

Deep extensor of the forearm
O: posterior aspect of the distal ulna and interosseus membrane
I: extensor expansion of digit 2
A: extend hand at wrist, extend 2nd digit
N: Posterior interosseus N.

53
Q

Two radial nerve innervation

A

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

54
Q

Two deep radial nerve innervations

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis and supinator

55
Q

Posterior interosseus N.

A

Innervates all but 4 extensor muscles of the forearm

56
Q

Outcropping muscles of the deep layers of extensors

A

Abductor pollicis longus M.
Extensor pollicis longus M.
Extensor pollicis brevis M.

57
Q

Abductor pollicis longus M.

A

O: Posterior aspect of the proximal ulna, radius, and interosseus membrane
I: Base of 1st metacarpal
A: ABduct hand at wrist, ABduct pollex at the carpometacarpal joint
N: Posterior interosseus N.

58
Q

Extensor pollicis Longus M.

A

O: Posterior aspect of ulna and interosseus membrane
I: Dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the pollex
A: ABduct hand at wrist, extend 1st metacarpal, proximal, and distal phalanges of the pollex at all 3 joints
N: posterior interosseus N.

59
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis M.

A

O: Posterior aspect of radius and interosseus membrane
I: dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the pollex
A: ABduct hand, extend 1st metacarpal and proximal phalanges of the pollex at carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
N: Posterior interosseus N.

60
Q

Anatomical Snuff Box

A

Lateral (anterior) border: Abductor pollicis longus M. And extensor pollicis Brevis M.
Medial (posterior) border: Extensor pollicis longus M.
Contents: Radial A. (Deep to tendon) and superficial radial N.
Pain when pushing on this region is usually indicative of fractured scaphoid bone
Falls on outstretched hands

61
Q

Thenar eminence

A

Abductor pollicis brevis M.
Opponents Pollicis M.
Flexor pollicis brevis M.
Adductor Pollicis M.

62
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.

A

Part of thenar eminence
O: tubercle of the scaphoid and trapezium bones and flexor retinaculum
I: Lateral aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the pollex
A: ABduct pollex, aids in opposition
N: Recurrent branch of the Median N.

63
Q

Opponens pollicis M.

A 
Thenar eminence
O: Tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium bones and flexor retinaculum
I: Lateral aspect of the 1st metacarpal
A: Oppose pollex
N: Recurrent branch of the median N.
64
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis M.

A

Thenar eminence
Superficial and deep head
More medial than opponens pollicis M. And abductor pollicis M.
O: Tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium bones and flexor retinaculum
I: lateral aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the pollex
A: Flex 1st metacarpal and proximal phalanges of the pollex at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
N: Superficial head-recurrent branch of the median N.
Deep head: deep ulnar N.

65
Q

Adductor Pollicis M.

A

Thenar eminence
Oblique and transverse head
O: Oblique head-capitate and bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
Transverse head-anterior aspect of the body of the 3rd metacarpal bone
I: medial aspect of the proximal phalanx of the Pollux
A: ADduct pollex
N: deep ulnar N.

66
Q

Hypothenar eminence

A

Abductor digiti minimi M.
Flexor digiti minimi brevis M.
Opponens digiti minimi M.

67
Q

Abductor digiti minimi M.

A 
Hypothenar eminence
O: Pisiform bone
I: Medial aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: ABduct 5th digit
N: Deep ulnar N.
68
Q

Flexor digiti minimi Brevis M.

A

Hypothenar eminence
O: Hook of hamate bone and flexor retinaculum
I: Medial aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: flex proximal phalanx at 5th digit
N: Deep Ulnar N.

69
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi M.

A 
Hypothenar eminence
O: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: Medial aspect of 5th metacarpal
A: Opposes 5th digit
N: Deep ulnar N.
70
Q

Intermediate Hand Muscles

A

Lumbricals
Dorsal Interossei M.
Palmar Interossei M.

71
Q

Lumbrical Ms. 1-2

A

Intermediate muscles of hand
O: lateral side of the arterial two flexor digitorum profundus tendons
I: Radial aspect of the extensor expansions of the 2nd and 3rd digits
A: flex proximal phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digit at the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend intermediate and distal phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digits by tightening extensor expansion
N: Median N.

72
Q

Lumbrical Ms. 3-4

A

Intermediate muscles of hand
O: Between the medial 3 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
I: radial aspect of the extensor expansion of the 4th and 5th digits
A: flex proximal phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend intermediate and distal of the 4th and 5th digits by tightening extensor expansion
N: Deep Ulnar N.

73
Q

Dorsal Interossei M.

A

1-4
DAB
O: adjacent sides of two metacarpals
I: Bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of digits 2-4
A: ABduct digits 2-4, flex proximal phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend intermediate and distal phalanges by tightening extensor expansion
N: deep ulnar N.

74
Q

Palmar Interossei M.

A

1-3
PAD
O: palmar aspect of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpal bones
I: Bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of 2, 4, and 5th digits
A: ADduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits, flex proximal phalanges (2,4, and 5) at the metacarpophalangeal joints, extend intermediate and distal phalanges (2,4, and 5) by tightening extensor expansion
N: Deep Ulnar N.

75
Q

What nerve mostly innervates the forearm?

A

Median N.

76
Q

What nerves mostly innervates the hand?

A

Ulnar N.

MSK (16 decks)

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