Upper Extremity Arthrology Flashcards
Shoulder Girdle
Manubrium, clavicle, scapula, and humerus
Sternoclavicular joint
Sellar synovial
Articular capsule: fibrous, synovial membrane
Articular disc
Costoclavicular L: from clavicle to 1st rib
Anterior sternoclavicular L.
Posterior sternoclavicular L.
Interclavicular L.: above manubrium from clavicle on one side to clavicle on the other
Acromioclavicular joint
Planar synovial
Between acromion of scapula and clavicle
Articular capsule: fibrous, synovial membrane
Articular disc
Acromioclavicular L.: from acromion to clavicle
Coracoclavicular L.: from coracoid process to clavicle; contains the trapezoid L. and conoid L.
Superior transverse scapular L.
Coracoclavicular L.
Part of the Acromioclavicular Joint
Trapezoid L.: nearly horizontal band from trapezoid line to coracoid process; lateral to conoid L.
Conoid L.: vertical, from conoid tubercle to coracoid process; medial to trapezoid L.
Glenohumeral joint
Spheroidal synovial Between glenoid cavity of scapula and head of humerus Glenoid labrum Articular capsule Glenohumeral L. Coracohhumeral L. Transverse Humeral L. Coracoacromial arch: coracoacromial L., acromion, coracoid process; prevents humerus from dislocating superiorly
Articular capsule of glenohumeral L.
Fibrous: allows passage for long head of biceps brachii T. and communication with subscapular bursa
Synovial membrane: allows communication with subscapular bursa
Bursae of glenohumeral joint
Subscapular
Subacromial
Glenohumeral L.
From glenoid labrum and supragenoid tubercle to anatomical neck of humerus
Coracohumeral L.
From coracoid process of scapula to anterior edge of greater tubercle of humerus
Transverse Humeral L.
From greater Humeral tubercle to lesser Humeral tubercle spanning the intertubercular groove
Where does dislocation of the glenohumeral joint normally occur?
Anteriorly and inferiorly due to coracoacromial arch
Elbow joint
Ginglymus synovial Between Humeral condole, trochlear notch of the ulna, and radial head Articular capsule Humeroulnar joint Humeroradial joint
Humeroulnar joint
Trochlear notch of ulna raping around Humeral trochlea
Ulnar collateral L. Of the elbow: from medial Humeral epicondyle to the Coronoid process of the ulna and olecrenon; anterior, posterior, and oblique band
Humeroradial Joint
Humeral capitulum articulating with the fovea of the radial head
Radial collateral L.: from the lateral Humeral epicondyle to blend with the annular L. Of the radial head
Bursae of the elbow joint
limit friction
Olecrenon bursae
Subcutaneous bursa of the medial Humeral epicondyle
Subcutaneous bursa of the lateral Humeral epicondyle
Bursae of the aconeus
Bursa at origin of extensor Capri radialis brevis
Olecrenon bursae
Subtendinous olecrenon bursa: between triceps brachii T. And olecrenon
Intratendinous olecrenon bursa: inside triceps brachii T.
Subcutaneous olecrenon bursa: in the subcutaneous CT over the olecrenon
Radioulnar joint
3 different articulation between radius and ulna Compound joint Proximal radioulnar joint Middle radioulnar joint Distal radioulnar joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
Trochoid synovial
Supination and pronation
Articular capsule
Annular L. From coronoid process of the ulna around the radial head to insert back on the ulna, holding the radial head in the radial notch
Middle radioulnar joint
Syndesmosis fibrous joint
Oblique cord: coronoid process of ulna and radial body
Interosseus membrane: between length of ulna and radius
Distal radioulnar joint
Trochoid synovial
Between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius laterally and the articular disc inferiorly
Articular capsule
Radiocarpal (wrist) joint
Condylar synovial
Between the distal end of the radius, plus the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum bones
Parts of the radiocarpal joint
Articular capsule
Articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint
Palmar radiocarpal L: two bands-one from the radius across the scaphoid to the lunate, the other from the radius to the capitate
Dorsal radiocarpal L.
Palmar ulnocarpal L.
Dorsal ulnocarpal L.
Radial collateral L. Of the wrist: from radial styloid process to scaphoid
Ulnar collateral L. Of the wrist: from ulnar styloid process to scaphoid
Intercarpal joints
Planar synovial Scapholunate Lunotriquetrum Pisotriquetrum Pisohamate Trapeziotrapezoid Trapeziocapitate Capitohamate
Pisiform joint
Intercarpal joint
Pisiform with the anterior surface of the triquetrum
Pisohamate L.: between pisiform and hook of hamate; ulnar N. Goes under this
Midcarpal joint
Sellar synovial
Between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
Carpometacarpal joint-1st
Thumb Sellar synovial From trapezium to 1st metacarpal B. Articular capsule Palmar carpometacarpal L. Dorsal carpometacarpal L.
Carpometacarpal joint-2nd-5th
Planar synovial
From distal row of carpal bones to 2nd-5th metacarpal Bs.
Articular capsule
Palmar carpometacarpal L.
Dorsal carpometacarpal L.
Pisometacarpal L.: 5th metacarpal and pisiform
Radiate carpal L.: from the capitate to the bases of metacarpal Bs.; only on palmar side
Intermetacarpal joints
Only 4 Planar synovial Articular capsule Dorsal intermetacarpal L. Palmar intermetacarpal L. Interosseus intermetacarpal L.: inside the joint spaces between bases
Metacarpophalangeal joints
5
Condyloid synovial
Articular capsule
Palmar L. (Or plate): acts as a floor for where tendons will run
Medial collateral L.
Lateral collateral L.
Deep transverse metacarpal L.: transverse fibers joining the palmar L. Of the medial 4 metacarpophalangeal joints
Bull Rider’s Thumb
Sprain of the lateral collateral L. And allusion of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx
Skier’s Thumb or Game-keeper’s thumb
Laxity or rupture of either the medial collateral L. Or both collateral Ls. Of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint
1st interphalangeal joint
Ginglymus synovial Thumb Articular capsule Palmar L. Medial collateral L. Lateral Collateral L.
Proximal interphalangeal joints
4 Ginglymus synovial Union between 2nd-5th proximal and intermediate phalanges Articular capsule Palmar L. Medial collateral L. Lateral collateral L.
Distal interphalangeal joints
4 Ginglymus synovial Union between 2nd-5th intermediate and distal phalanges Articular capsule Palmar L. Medial collateral L. Lateral collateral L.
Pectoral fascia
Pectoralis major M.
Continuous superiorly with deltoid fascia
Laterally with axillary fascia
Inferiorly with abdominal deep fascia
Axillary fascia
Floor of axilla
Continually medially with pectoral fascia
Inferiorly with clavipectoral fascia
Clavipectoral fascia
Deep to pectoral fascia and the pectoralis major M.
Extends inferiorly from the clavicle to invest the subclavius and pectoralis minor M. Before blending with axillary fascia
Costocoracoid membrane: clavipectoral fascia between the subclavius M. And pectoralis minor M.
Suspensory L. Of the axilla: clavipectoral fascia between pectoralis minor M. And axillary fascia, forms the axillary fossa
Deltoid fascia
Covers deltoid M.
Continuous anteriorly with pectoral fascia and posteriorly with infraspinous fascia
Supraspinous fascia
Extremely dense fascia overlying the supraspinatus M.
Infraspinous fascia
Extremely dense fascia overlying the infraspinatus M.
Deep cervical fascia
Goes around the subclavius muscle and ends at the clavicle
Brachial fascia
Covers musculature of brachium
Brachium fascia
Brachial fascia
Medial intermuscular septum
Lateral intermuscular septum
Antebrachium (forearm) Fascia
Antebrachial fascia Interosseus membrane Extensor retinaculum Palmar Carpal L. Flexor retinaculum
Antebrachial fascia
Utilizes interosseus membrane to divide the antebrachium into a floor (anterior) and extensor (posterior) compartment
Extensor retinaculum
Transverse focal thickening of antebrachial fascia
Holds the extensor tendons in position
Dorsal side
Palmar Carpal L.
Focal thickening of antebrachial fascia, continuous with extensor retinaculum
Palmar side
Flexor retinaculum
Actually a ligament (transverse carpal L.)
Deep and distal to the palmar carpal L.
Fibrous band
Palmar side
Palmar aponeurosis
Thickened central region of palmar fascia
Superficial transverse metacarpal L.: base of palmar aponeurosis
Retinacula cutis
Medial fibrous septum
Lateral fibrous septum
Dupuytren Contracture
Disease resulting in the shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia
Leads to partial flexion of the 4th and 5th digits
Dorsal fascia
Deep to subcutaneous fat on the dorsum of the hand
Fibrous digital sheaths
Digital synovial sheaths
Hypothenar
Hypothenar muscles
Little finger
Central compartment of hand
Flexor tendons, lumbrical muscles, superficial palmar arterial arch, digital vessels and nerves
Thenar
Thenar muscles
Thumb
Adductor compartment of hand
Adductor pollicis M.
Interosseus compartment of hand
Between the metacarpal Bs.
Contain the interossei Ms.
