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MSK > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of foot

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuneiform (x3)
Cuboid
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges (2 on hallux, 3 on digits)
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2
Q

Deep fascia of foot

A

Dorsum of foot-thin and continuous with extensor retinaculum
Sole of foot-plantar fascia
Central part thickens to form plantar aponeurosis

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3
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A

Central thickened part of plantar fascia
Consists of longitudinally arranged band of dense CT
Arises from calcaneus posteriorly
Converse entire length of sole
Divides into 5 bands
Passive support for arch of foot (longitudinal arch)

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4
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Plantar aponeurosis inflammation at calcaneus
Pain most severe after sitting and getting out of bed
Running, high-impact exercise, worn-out shoes, overweight
May lead to bony process-“heel spur”-especially from medial calcaneal tubercle

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5
Q

Dorsal foot muscles

A

Extensor hallucis brevis (1st phalanx)
Extensor digitorum brevis (2nd-4th phalanges)
N: lateral branch of deep fibular N.
Forms a fleshy mass on lateral part of dorsum of foot anterior to lateral malleolus
A: extends toes

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6
Q

Plantar muscles

A

4 layers
Help maintain foot arches
Stand on uneven ground

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7
Q

Plantar muscle: first layer

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis

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8
Q

Plantar muscles: second layer

A

Quadratus plantae: joins tendon of FDL to calcaneus; assists FDL in flexing lateral four digits
Lumbricals: originate from flexor digitorum longus tendons
Medial aspect of extensor expansion
A: flex MP join, extend PIP and DIP joints

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9
Q

Tendons on second layer

A

Flexor hallucis longus

Flexor digitorum longus

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10
Q

Plantar muscles: third layer

A

3 short muscles to first and fifth digits
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor hallucis: Transverse and oblique head
Flexor hallucis brevis: medial and lateral head cover plantar surface of first metatarsal
Tendons have sesamoid bones that rote to first metatarsal head and tendon of FHL when standing and walking
Opponens digit minimi: not actually a muscle

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11
Q

Plantar Muscles: fourth layer

A

3 plantar interossei: digits 3,4, and 5 toward 2nd digit

4 dorsal interossei: digits 2,3, and 4 way from midline of digit 2

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12
Q

Tendons found on fourth layer

A

Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

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13
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Foot deformity characterized by lateral deviation of great toe
Surrounding tissues swell and resultant pressure and friction against the shoe cause a bursa to form
Tender and inflamed bursa-bunion
Corns-inflamed areas of thick skin; form over proximal interphalangeal joints

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14
Q

Mallet toe

A

Flexion in the distal IP joint

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15
Q

Hammer toe

A

“Hammer like” deformity (usually of 2nd digit)
Proximal phalanx is permanently hyperextended at MP joint
Middle phalanx is plantarflexed at PIP joint
Distal phalanx is extended

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16
Q

Claw toe

A

Hypertension of MP joints

Flexion of distal and proximal IP joints

17
Q

Trigger toe

A

When deformity occurs in the large toe

Extended MP, flexed IP

18
Q

What causes toe deformities?

A

Shortened flexor muscles which can override lumbrical function

19
Q

Nerves on sole of foot

A

Tibial N. Divides posterior to medial malleolus into
Medial and lateral plantar Ns.
Supply all intrinsic muscles of foot (except two intrinsic dorsum muscles)
Supply plantar skin

20
Q

Medial plantar N.

A

Larger of the two branches
Passes deep to abductor hallucis
Runs anteriorly between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
Terminates near metatarsal bases by dividing into four sensory branches
Supply medial 3 and a half digits

21
Q

Lateral Plantar N.

A

Smaller of the two branches
Passes deep to abductor hallucis
Runs anterolaterally deep to flexor digitorum brevis
Terminates by dividing into superficial and deep branches

22
Q

Medial plantar N. Innervations

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Medial 1 lumbrical
Flexor hallucis brevis

23
Q

Lateral plantar N. Innervations

A 
Abductor digiti minimi
Quadratus plantae
Lateral 3 lumbricals
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Interossei
24
Q

Foot blood supply

A 
Terminal branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Lateral malleolar A.
Lateral tarsal A.
Dorsalis pedis A.
Arcuate artery
Deep plantar A.
25
Q

Dorsalis pedis branches

A

Arcuate A.

Deep plantar A.

26
Q

Arcuate A.

A

Branch of dorsalis pedis A.
Runs laterally across metatarsal bases (deep to extensor tendons)
Gives rise to 2nd-5th dorsal metatarsal As.
Those give rise to Dorsal digital As.

27
Q

Deep plantar A.

A

Branch of dorsalis pedis A.
Passes through first interosseous space
Joins lateral plantar A. To form the plantar arch
Gives rise to first dorsal metatarsal A.

28
Q

Blood supply of plantar aspect of foot

A

Derived from posterior tibial A.
Divides deep to abductor hallucis
Medial and lateral plantar As.

29
Q

Medial plantar A.

A

Passes distally between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
Gives rise to media two plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries

30
Q

Lateral plantar A.

A

Runs with lateral plantar N. (Superficial to quadratus plantae)
Terminates by lining deep plantar A. Forming plantar arterial arch
Gives rise to 3rd-6th plantar metatarsal and plantar digital As.

31
Q

Foot arches

A 
Formed by tarsal and metatarsal bones
Absorbs shock during weight bearing
Makes foot adaptable to surface and weight changes
Longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
32
Q

Longitudinal arch

A

Medial and lateral parts
Medial: calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and medial three metatarsals
Lateral: calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral two metatarsals

33
Q

Transverse arch

A

Runs between medial and lateral longitudinal arches

Formed by cuboid, three cuneiforms, and metatarsal bones

34
Q

Ankle (talocrural) joint

A

Tibia and fibula and talus
Hinge synovial
Three-sided deep socket formed by two malleoli and inferior tibia
Malleoli grip on trochlea strongest during dorsiflexion
Articular capsule

35
Q

Foot joints

A

Many involve tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges
Only slight movement between them
Transverse tarsal joint
Subtalar joint

36
Q

Transverse tarsal joint

A

Two separate joints aligned transversely
Calcaneocuboid joint
Talonavicular joint
Working together permit slight rotation and this add to inversion and eversion at this joint
Transaction across this joint is standard method for surgical amputation of foot

37
Q

Subtalar joint

A

Talocalcanean joint
Where talus rests on calcaneus
Inversion and eversion
Fibrous capsule supported by interosseous talocalcaneal L.

MSK (16 decks)

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