Upper Extremity Muscles Week 1 Flashcards by Matthew Fitzpatrick

Supraspinatus insertion (distal attachment)

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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Supraspinatus origin (proximal attachment)

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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Supraspinatus innervation

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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Supraspinatus action

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of shoulder joint and acts with other rotator cuff muscles

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Infraspinatus origin (proximal attachment)

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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Infraspinatus insertion (distal attachment)

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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Infraspinatus innervation

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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Infraspinatus action

Laterally rotates shoulder joint; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

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Teres minor origin (proximal attachment)

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

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Teres minor insertion (distal attachment)

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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Teres minor innervation

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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Teres minor action

Laterally rotates shoulder joint; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

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Subscapularis origin (proximal attachment)

Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)

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Subscapularis insertion (distal attachment)

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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Subscapularis innervation

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

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Subscapularis action

Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

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Teres major origin (proximal attachment)

Inferior part of lateral border of scapula and posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

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Teres major insertion (distal attachment)

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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Teres major innervation

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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Teres major action

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

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Deltoid origin (proximal attachment)

Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

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Deltoid insertion (distal attachment)

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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Deltoid innervation

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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Deltoid action

Clavicular (anterior) part flexes and medially rotates shoulder joint
Acromial (middle) part abducts shoulder joint
Spinal (posterior) part extends and laterally rotates shoulder joint

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Pectoralis major origin (proximal attachment)

Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle | Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Pectoralis major insertion (distal attachment)

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus

Pectoralis major innervation

Lateral/Medial pectoral nerves, clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)

Pectoralis major action

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly Clavicular head flexes shoulder joint and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position

Pectoralis minor origin (proximal attachment)

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages

Pectoralis minor insertion (distal attachment)

Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis minor innervation

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

Pectoralis minor action

Stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

Serratus anterior origin (proximal attachment)

External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

Serratus anterior insertion (distal attachment)

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Serratus anterior innervation

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Serratus anterior action

Protracts scapula and holds against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

Subclavius origin (proximal attachment)

Junction of first rib and its costal cartilage

Subclavius insertion (distal attachment)

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Subclavius innervation

Subclavian nerve (C5, C6)

Subclavius action

Anchors/depresses clavicle

Biceps brachii origin (proximal attachment)

Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula | Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Biceps brachii insertion (distal attachment)

Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Biceps brachii innervation

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

Biceps brachii action

Supinates forearm and flexes elbow joint while supinated Flexes shoulder joint Short head resists dislocation of shoulder

Coracobrachialis origin (proximal attachment)

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Coracobrachialis insertion (distal attachment)

Middle third of medial surface of humerus

Coracobrachialis innervation

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Coracobrachialis action

Helps to flex/adduct shoulder joint | Resists dislocation of shoulder

Brachialis origin (proximal attachment)

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Brachialis insertion (distal attachment)

Coranoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Brachialis innervation

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

Brachialis action

Flexes elbow joint in all positions

Triceps brachii origin (proximal attachment)

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

Triceps brachii insertion (distal attachment)

Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Triceps brachii innervation

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Triceps brachii action

Chief extensor of elbow joint Long head extends shoulder joint and resists dislocation of humerus (especially important during abduction)

Omohyoid origin

Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch

Omohyoid insertion

Inferior border of hyoid

Omohyoid innervation

C1-C3 (by a branch of ansa cervicalis)

Omohyoid action

Depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid