Lower Limb muscles Flashcards
0
Q
Gluteus maximus insertion (distal attachment)
A
Most fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur
1
Q
Gluteus maximus origin (proximal attachment)
A
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
2
Q
Gluteus maximus innervation
A
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
3
Q
Gluteus maximus action
A
Extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
4
Q
Gluteus medius origin (proximal attachment)
A
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
5
Q
Gluteus medius insertion (distal attachment)
A
Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
6
Q
Gluteus medius innervation
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
7
Q
Gluteus medius action
A
Abduct hip joint; Anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
8
Q
Gluteus minimus origin (proximal attachment)
A
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
9
Q
Gluteus minimus insertion (distal attachment)
A
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
10
Q
Gluteus minimus innervation
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
11
Q
Gluteus minimus action
A
Abduct hip joint; Anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
12
Q
Piriformis origin (proximal attachment)
A
Pelvic surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament
13
Q
Piriformis insertion (distal attachment)
A
Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
14
Q
Piriformis innervation
A
Anterior rami of S1 and S2
15
Q
Piriformis action
A
Laterally rotates extended hip joint; abducts flexed hip joint; steadies femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
16
Q
Gemellae superior and inferior origins (proximal attachments)
A
Superior: ischial spine
Inferior: ischial tuberosity
17
Q
Gemellae superior and inferior insertion (distal attachment)
A
Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
18
Q
Gemellae superior and inferior innervations
A
Superior: same as obturator internus (nerve to obturator internus L5, S1)
Inferior: same as quadratus femoris (nerve to quadratus femoris, L5, S1)
19
Q
Gemellae superior and inferior action
A
Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
20
Q
Obturator internus origin (proximal attachment)
A
Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane
21
Q
Obturator internus insertion (distal attachment)
A
Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
22
Q
Obturator internus innervation
A
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
23
Q
Obturator internus action
A
Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
24
Quadratus femoris origin (proximal attachment)
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
25
Quadratus femoris insertion (distal attachment)
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
26
Quadratus femoris innervation
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
27
Quadratus femoris action
Laterally rotates hip joint; also pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis
28
Tensor fasciae latae origin (proximal attachment)
Anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crest
29
Tensor fasciae latae insertion (distal attachment)
Iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy tubercle)
30
Tensor fasciae latae innervation
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
31
Tensor fasciae latae action
Flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint
32
Iliopsoas origin (proximal attachment)
Psoas major: Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
Iliacus: Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
33
Iliopsoas insertion (distal attachment)
Psoas major: Lesser trochanter of femur
| Iliacus: Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it
34
Iliopsoas innervation
Psoas major: Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)
| Iliacus: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
35
Iliopsoas action
Acting conjointly in flexing hip joint and in stabilizing this joint; psoas major is also a postural muscle that helps control deviation of the trunk and is active during standing
36
Sartorius origin (proximal attachment)
Anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it
37
Sartorius insertion (distal attachment)
Superior part of medial surface of tibia (pes anserinus)
38
Sartorius innervation
Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
39
Sartorius action
Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates hip joint; flexes knee joint
40
Rectus femoris origin (proximal attachment)
Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
41
Rectus femoris insertion (distal attachment)
Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
42
Rectus femoris innervation
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
43
Rectus femoris action
Extends knee joint; also stabilizes (helps fix in position) hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex hip joint
44
Vastus lateralis origin (proximal attachment)
Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
45
Vastus lateralis insertion (distal attachment)
Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; also attaches to tibia and patella via aponeuroses with vastus medialis (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)
46
Vastus lateralis innervation
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
47
Vastus lateralis action
Extends knee joint
48
Vastus medialis origin (proximal attachment)
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
49
Vastus medialis insertion (distal attachment)
Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; also attaches to tibia and patella via aponeuroses with vastus lateralis (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)
50
Vastus medialis innervation
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
51
Vastus medialis action
Extends knee joint
52
Vastus intermedius origin (proximal attachment)
Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
53
Vastus intermedius insertion (distal attachment)
Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
54
Vastus intermedius innervation
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
55
Vastus intermedius action
Extends knee joint
56
Pectineus origin (proximal attachment)
Superior ramus of pubis
57
Pectineus insertion (distal attachment)
Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trocanter
58
Pectineus innervation
Femoral nerve (L2, L3); may receive from branch from obturator nerve
59
Pectineus action
Adducts and flexes hip joint; assists with medial rotation of hip joint
60
Obturator externus origin (proximal attachment)
Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
61
Obturator externus insertion (distal attachment)
Trochanteric fossa of femur
62
Obturator externus innervation
Obturator nerve (L3, L4)
63
Obturator externus action
Laterally rotates hip joint; pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady
64
Adductor longus origin (proximal attachment)
Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
65
Adductor longus insertion (distal attachment)
Middle third of linea aspera of femur
66
Adductor longus innervation
Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
67
Adductor longus action
Adducts hip joint
68
Adductor brevis origin (proximal attachment)
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
69
Adductor brevis insertion (distal attachment)
Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
70
Adductor brevis innervation
Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
71
Adductor brevis action
Adducts hip joint and to some extent flexes it
72
Adductor magnus origin (proximal attachment)
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
| Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
73
Adductor magnus insertion (distal attachment)
Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur
74
Adductor magnus innervation
Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
| Hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
75
Adductor magnus action
Adducts hip joint; its adductor part also flexes hip joint and its hamstring part extends it
76
Gracilis origin (proximal attachment)
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
77
Gracilis insertion (distal attachment)
Superior part of medial surface of tibia (pes anserinus)
78
Gracilis innervation
Obturator nerve (L2, L3)
79
Gracilis action
Adducts hip joint; flexes knee joint and helps rotate it medially
80
Biceps femoris origin (proximal attachment)
Long head: ischial tuberosity
| Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
81
Biceps femoris insertion (distal attachment)
Lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of the knee
82
Biceps femoris innervation
Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
| Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
83
Biceps femoris action
Flexes knee joint and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends hip joint (ie, when starting to walk)
84
Semitendinosus origin (proximal attachment)
Ischial tuberosity
85
Semitendinosus insertion (distal attachment)
Medial surface of superior part of tibia (pes anserinus)
86
Semitendinosus innervation
Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
87
Semitendinosus action
Extends hip joint; flexes knee joint and rotates the leg medially when knee is flexed; when hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk
88
Semimembranosus origin (proximal attachment)
Ischial tuberosity
89
Semimembranosus insertion (distal attachment)
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
90
Semimembranosus innervation
Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
91
Semimembranosus action
Extends hip joint; flexes knee joint and rotates the leg medially when knee is flexed; when hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk
92
Popliteus origin (proximal attachment)
Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus (intra-articular, within cavity of knee joint)
93
Popliteus insertion (distal attachment)
Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
94
Popliteus innervation
Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
95
Popliteus action
Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia; may also medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb
96
Tibialis anterior origin (proximal attachment)
Lateral condyle and superior 2/3rds of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
97
Tibialis anterior insertion (distal attachment)
Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
98
Tibialis anterior innervation
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
99
Tibialis anterior action
Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
100
Extensor hallucis longus origin (proximal attachment)
Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
101
Extensor hallucis longus insertion (distal attachment)
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
102
Extensor hallucis longus innervation
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
103
Extensor hallucis longus action
Extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle
104
Extensor digitorum longus origin (proximal attachment)
Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3rds of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
105
Extensor digitorum longus insertion (distal attachment)
Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
106
Extensor digitorum longus innervation
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
107
Extensor digitorum longus action
Extends lateral 4 digits; dorsiflexes ankle
108
Fibularis tertius origin (proximal attachment)
Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
109
Fibularis tertius insertion (distal attachment)
Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
110
Fibularis tertius innervation
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
111
Fibularis tertius action
Dorsiflexes ankle; aids in eversion of foot
112
Fibularis longus origin (proximal attachment)
Head and superior 2/3rds of lateral surface of fibula
113
Fibularis longus insertion (distal attachment)
Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
114
Fibularis longus innervation
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
115
Fibularis longus action
Everts foot, weakly plantarflexes ankle, supports transverse arch of foot
116
Fibularis brevis origin (proximal attachment)
Middle part of lateral surface of fibula
117
Fibularis brevis insertion (distal attachment)
Dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
118
Fibularis brevis innervation
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
119
Fibularis brevis action
Everts foot, weakly plantarflexes ankle
120
Gastrocnemius origin (proximal attachments)
Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
| Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
122
Gastrocnemius insertion (distal attachment)
Posterior surfaace of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
123
Soleus origin (proximal attachment)
Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia
124
Soleus insertion (distal attachment)
Posterior suface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
125
Soleus innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
126
Soleus action
Plantarflexes ankle, steadies leg on foot
127
Gastrocnemius innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
128
Gastrocnemius action
Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking, and flexes knee joint
131
Plantaris action
Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle; function is probably mainly proprioceptive
132
Flexor digitorum longus origin (proximal attachment)
Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula
133
Flexor digitorum longus insertion (distal attachment)
Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
134
Flexor digitorum longus innervation
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
135
Flexor digitorum longus action
Flexes lateral 4 digits, plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot
136
Flexor hallucis longus origin (proximal attachment)
Inferior 2/3rds of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane
137
Flexor hallucis longus insertion (distal attachment)
Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
138
Flexor hallucis longus innervation
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
139
Flexor hallucis longus action
Flexes great toe at all joints, weakly plantarflexes ankle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
140
Tibialis posterior origin (proximal attachment)
Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula
141
Tibialis posterior insertion (distal attachment)
Primarily to tuberosity of navicular; also to cuneiform, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
142
Tibialis posterior innervation
Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
143
Tibialis posterior action
Plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
144
Abductor hallucis origin (proximal attachment)
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis
145
Abductor hallucis insertion (distal attachment)
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
146
Abductor hallucis innervation
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
147
Abductor hallucis action
Abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe)
148
Flexor digitorum brevis origin (proximal attachment)
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa
149
Flexor digitorum brevis insertion (distal attachment)
Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits
150
Flexor digitorum brevis innervation
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
151
Flexor digitorum brevis action
Flexes lateral four digits
152
Abductor digiti minimi origin (proximal attachment)
Medial and lateral tubercles of tubeosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa
153
Abductor digiti minimi insertion (distal attachment)
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
154
Abductor digiti minimi innervation
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
155
Abductor digiti minimi action
Abducts and flexes 5th digit
156
Quadratus plantae origin (proximal attachment)
Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
157
Quadratus plantae insertion (distal attachment)
Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
158
Quadratus plantae innervation
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
159
Quadratus plantae action
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
160
Lumbricals origin (proximal attachment)
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
161
Lumbricals insertion (distal attachment)
Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits
162
Lumbricals innervation
Medial 1: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
| Lateral 3: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
163
Lumbricals action
Flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
164
Flexor hallucis brevis origin (proximal attachment)
Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
165
Flexor hallucis brevis insertion (distal attachment)
Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
166
Flexor hallucis brevis innervation
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
167
Flexor hallucis brevis action
Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
168
Flexor digiti minimi brevis origin (proximal attachment)
Base of 5th metatarsal
169
Flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion (distal attachment)
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
170
Flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
171
Flexor digiti minimi brevis action
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion
172
Plantaris innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
173
Plantaris insertion (distal attachment)
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
174
Plantaris origin (proximal attachment)
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament
176
Adductor hallucis origin (proximal attachment)
Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
| Transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints
177
Adductor hallucis insertion (distal attachment)
Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
178
Adductor hallucis innervation
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
179
Adductor hallucis action
Adducts 1st digit, assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot
180
Plantar interossei (3) origin (proximal attachment)
Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
181
Plantar interossei (3) insertion (distal attachment)
Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits
182
Plantar interossei (3) innervation
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
183
Plantar interossei (3) action
Adducts digits 3-5 and flexes metatarsophalangeal joints
184
Dorsal interossei (4) origin (proximal attachment)
Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
185
Dorsal interossei (4) insertion (distal attachment)
1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
| 2nd, 3rd, 4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits
186
Dorsal interossei (4) innervation
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
187
Dorsal interossei (4) action
Abducts digits 2-4 and flexes metatarsophalangeal joints
