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Gross Anatomy > Thorax Muscles > Flashcards

Thorax Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

External intercostal insertion (inferior attachment)

A

Superior border of ribs below

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1
Q

External intercostal origin (superior attachment)

A

Inferior border of ribs

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2
Q

External intercostal innervation

A

Intercostal nerve

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3
Q

External intercostal action

A

During forced inspiration: elevates ribs

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4
Q

Internal intercostal origin (superior attachment)

A

Inferior border of ribs

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5
Q

Internal intercostal insertion (inferior attachment)

A

Superior border of ribs below

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6
Q

Internal intercostal innervation

A

Intercostal nerve

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7
Q

Internal intercostal action

A

During forced respiration: interosseus part depresses ribs, interchondral part elevates ribs

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8
Q

Innermost intercostal origin (superior attachment)

A

Inferior border of ribs

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9
Q

Innermost intercostal insertion (inferior attachment)

A

Superior border of ribs below

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10
Q

Innermost intercostal innervation

A

Intercostal nerve

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11
Q

Innermost intercostal action

A

During forced respiration: interosseus part depresses ribs, interchondral part elevates ribs

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12
Q

Transversus thoracis origin (superior attachment)

A

Posterior surface of lower sternum

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13
Q

Transversus thoracis insertion (inferior attachment)

A

Internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6

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14
Q

Transversus thoracis innervation

A

Intercostal nerve

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15
Q

Transversus thoracis action

A

Weakly depresses ribs

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16
Q

External oblique origin

A

External surfaces of 5th-12th ribs

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17
Q

External oblique insertion

A

Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest

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18
Q

External oblique innervation

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11) and subcostal nerve

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19
Q

External oblique action

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk

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20
Q

Internal oblique origin

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament

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21
Q

Internal oblique insertion

A

Inferior borders of 10th-12th ribs, linea alba, and pubis via conjoint tendon

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22
Q

Internal oblique innervation

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11), subcostal nerve and first lumbar nerve

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23
Q

Internal oblique action

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk

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24
Q

Transversus abdominis origin

A

Internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament

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25
Q

Transversus abdominis insertion

A

Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, and pubis via conjoint tendon

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26
Q

Transversus abdominis innervation

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11), subcostal nerve and first lumbar nerve

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27
Q

Transversus abdominis action

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

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28
Q

Rectus abdominis origin

A

Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

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29
Q

Rectus abdominis insertion

A

Xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages

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30
Q

Rectus abdominis innervation

A

Thoraco-abdominal and subcostal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves)

31
Q

Rectus abdominis action

A

Flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) and compresses abdominal viscera*; stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis (antilordosis)

*Acts as an antagonist to the diaphragm to produce expiration

32
Q

Psoas major origin (superior attachment)

A

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of T12-S1 vertebrae and intervening IV discs

33
Q

Psoas major insertion (inferior attachment)

A

By a strong tendon to lesser trochanter of femur

34
Q

Psoas major innervation

A

Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of nerves L2-L4

35
Q

Psoas major action

A

Acting inferiorly with iliacus: flexes thigh
Acting superiorly with iliacus: flexes vertebral column laterally to balance the trunk
When sitting, acts inferiorly with iliacus to flex trunk

36
Q

Iliacus origin (superior attachment)

A

Superior two thirds of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments

37
Q

Iliacus insertion (inferior attachment)

A

Lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it and to psoas major tendon

38
Q

Iliacus innervation

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

39
Q

Iliacus action

A

Flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major (iliopsoas)

40
Q

Quadratus lumborum origin (superior attachment)

A

Medial half of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes

41
Q

Quadratus lumborum insertion (inferior attachment)

A

Iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

42
Q

Quadratus lumborum innervation

A

Anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves

43
Q

Quadratus lumborum action

A

Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; fixes 12th rib during inspiration

44
Q

Levator ani (pubococcygeus/iliococcygeus) [pelvic diaphragm] origin (proximal attachment)

A

Body of pubis, tendinous arch of levator ani, ischial spine

45
Q

Levator ani (pubococcygeus/iliococcygeus) [pelvis diaphragm] insertion (distal attachment)

A

Perineal body, coccyx, anococcygeal ligament, walls of prostate or vagina, rectum, anal canal

46
Q

Levator ani (pubococcygeus/iliococcygeus) [pelvis diaphragm] innervation

A

Nerve to levator ani (branches of S4), inferior anal/rectal nerve, coccygeal plexus

47
Q

Levator ani (pubococcygeus/iliococcygeus) [pelvis diaphragm] action

A

Helps support pelvic viscera, resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

48
Q

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) [pelvic diaphragm] origin (proximal attachment)

A

Ischial spine

49
Q

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) [pelvic diaphragm] insertion (distal attachment)

A

Inferior end of sacrum and coccyx

50
Q

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) [pelvic diaphragm] innervation

A

Branches of S4 and S5 nerves

51
Q

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) [pelvic diaphragm] action

A

Forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx

52
Q

Piriformis origin (proximal attachment)

A

Pelvic surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

53
Q

Piriformis insertion (distal attachment)

A

Greater trochanter of femur

54
Q

Piriformis innervation

A

Anterior rami of S1 and S2

55
Q

Piriformis action

A

Laterally rotates hip joint; abducts hip joint; assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

56
Q

Obturator internus origin (proximal attachment)

A

Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

57
Q

Obturator internus insertion (distal attachment)

A

Greater trochanter of femur

58
Q

Obturator internus innervation

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

59
Q

Obturator internus action

A

Laterally rotates hip joint; assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

60
Q

Ischiocavernosus origin

A

Internal surfaces of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

61
Q

Ischiocavernosus course and insertion

A

Embraces crus of penis or clitoris, inserting onto inferior and medial aspects of crus and to perineal membrane medial to crus

62
Q

Ischiocavernosus innervation

A

Muscular (deep) branch of perineal nerve, branch of pudendal nerve

63
Q

Ischiocavernosus action

A

Maintains erection of penis or clitoris by compressing outflow veins and pushing blood from root of penis or clitoris into body

64
Q

Bulbospongiosus origin

A

Male: median raphe on ventral surface of bulb of penis and perineal body

Female: perineal body

65
Q

Bulbospongiosus course and insertion

A

Male: surrounds lateral aspects of bulb of penis and most proximal part of body of penis, inserting into perineal membrane, dorsal aspect of corpora spongiosum and cavernosa, and fascia of bulb of penis

Female: passes on each side of lower vagina, enclosing bulb and greater vestibular gland; inserts onto pubic arch and fascia of corpora cavernosa of clitoris

66
Q

Bulbospongiosus innervation

A

Muscular (deep) branch of perineal nerve, branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

67
Q

Bulbospongiosus action

A

Supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor

Male: compresses bulb of penis to expel last drops of urine/semen; assists erection by compressing outflow via deep perineal vein and by pushing blood from bulb into body of penis

Female: “sphincter” of vagina; assists in erection of clitoris (and bulb of vestibule); compresses greater vestibular gland

68
Q

Superficial transverse perineal body origin

A

Internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity; compressor urethrae portion only

69
Q

Superficial transverse perineal body course and insertion

A

Passes along superior posterior border of perineal membrane to perineal body

70
Q

Superficial transverse perineal body innervation

A

Muscular (deep) branch of perineal nerve, branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4); dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris, terminal branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

71
Q

Superficial transverse perineal body action

A

Supports and fixes perineal body (pelvic floor) to support abdominopelvic viscera and resists increased intra-abdominal pressure

72
Q

External anal sphincter origin

A

Skin and fascia surrounding anus and coccyx via anococcygeal ligament

73
Q

External anal sphincter course and insertion

A

Passes around lateral aspects of anal canal, inserting into perineal body

74
Q

External anal sphincter innervation

A

Inferior anal nerve, branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

75
Q

External anal sphincter action

A

Constricts anal canal during peristalsis, resisting defecation; supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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