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Gross Anatomy > Head and Anterior Neck Muscles > Flashcards

Head and Anterior Neck Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

Sternocleidomastoid insertion

A

Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of calvicle

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1
Q

Sternocleidomastoid origin

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid innervation

A

Spinal accessory nerve XI, C2 and C3

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3
Q

Sternocleidomastoid action

A

Unilaterally tilts head to same side and rotates face turned superiorly toward opposite side
Bilaterally extends neck, extends superior cervical vertebrae and flexes inferior cervical vertebrae (to thrust chin)

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4
Q

Platysma origin

A

Inferior border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face

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5
Q

Platysma insertion

A

Fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

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6
Q

Platysma innevation

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve VII

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7
Q

Platysma action

A

Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright; draws skin of neck superior when teeth are clenched, indicating tension

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8
Q

Sternohyoid origin

A

Manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle

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9
Q

Sternohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid

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10
Q

Sternohyoid innervation

A

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

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11
Q

Sternohyoid action

A

Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

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12
Q

Sternothyroid origin

A

Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

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13
Q

Sternothyroid insertion

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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14
Q

Sternothyroid innervation

A

C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

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15
Q

Sternothyroid action

A

Depresses hyoid and larynx

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16
Q

Omohyoid origin

A

Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch

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17
Q

Omohyoid insertion

A

Inferior border of hyoid

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18
Q

Omohyoid innervation

A

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

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19
Q

Omohyoid action

A

Depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid

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20
Q

Thyrohyoid origin

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

Thyrohyoid insertion

A

Inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid

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22
Q

Thyrohyoid innervation

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

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23
Q

Thyrohyoid action

A

Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

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24
Q

Digastric origin

A

Anterior belly: digastric fossa of mandible

Posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone

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25
Q

Digastric insertion

A

Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid

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26
Q

Digastric innervation

A

Anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve
Posterior belly: digastric branch of fascial nerve VII

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27
Q

Digastric action

A

Working with infrahyoid muscles, depreses mandible against resistance; elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking

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28
Q

Stylohyoid origin

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

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29
Q

Stylohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid

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30
Q

Stylohyoid innervation

A

Stylohyoid branch of fascial nerve VII

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31
Q

Stylohyoid action

A

Elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth

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32
Q

Mylohyoid origin

A

Mylohyoid line of mandible

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33
Q

Mylohyoid insertion

A

Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid

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34
Q

Mylohyoid innervation

A

Nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve

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35
Q

Mylohyoid action

A

Elevates hyoid, floor of moutht, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

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36
Q

Geniohyoid origin

A

Inferior mental spine of mandible

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37
Q

Geniohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid

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38
Q

Geniohyoid innervation

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve XII

39
Q

Geniohyoid action

A

Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

40
Q

Buccinator origin

A

Mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe

41
Q

Buccinator insertion

A

Angle of mouth (modiolus); orbicularis oris

42
Q

Buccinator action

A

Presses cheek against molar teeth; works with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule; resists distension when blowing

43
Q

Occipitofrontalis origins

A

Frontal belly - epicranial aponeurosis

Occipital belly - Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line

44
Q

Occipitofrontalis insertions

A

Frontal belly - Skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead
Occipital belly - Epicranial aponeurosis

45
Q

Occipitofrontalis actions

A

Frontal belly - Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead, protracts scalp (indicating surprise or curiosity)
Occipital belly - retracts scalp, increasing effectiveness of frontal belly

46
Q

Orbicularis oculi origin

A

Medial orbital margin; medial palppebral ligament; lacrimal bone

47
Q

Orbicularis oculi insertion

A

Skin around margin of orbit; superior and inferior tarsi (tarsal plates)

48
Q

Orbicularis oculi action

A

Closes eyelids: palpebral part gently, orbital part tightly (winking)

49
Q

Orbicularis oris origin

A

Medial maxilla and mandible; deep surface of peri-oral skin; angle of mouth

50
Q

Orbicularis oris insertion

A

Mucous membrane of lips

51
Q

Orbicularis oris action

A

Tonus closes mouth; phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lip (kissing) or resists distention when blowing

52
Q

Masseter origin

A

Quadrate muscle attaching to inferior border and medial surface of maxillary process of zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch

53
Q

Masseter insertion

A

Angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible

54
Q

Masseter innervation

A

Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve, via masseteric nerve

55
Q

Masseter action

A

Elevates mandible; superficial fibers make limited contribution to protrusion of mandibule

56
Q

Temporalis origin

A

Triangular muscle with broad attachment to floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fascia

57
Q

Temporalis insertion

A

Narrow attachment to tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible

58
Q

Temporalis innervation

A

Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve via deep temporal nerves

59
Q

Temporalis action

A

Elevates mandible, closing jaws; posterior, more horizontal fibers are retractors of mandible

60
Q

Medial pterygoid origin

A

Quadrangular two-headed muscle from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone (1) and tuberosity of maxilla (2)

61
Q

Medial pterygoid insertion

A

Medial surface of ramus of mandible, inferior to mandibular foramen (a “mirror image” of the masseter, both flanking the ramus of the mandible)

62
Q

Medial pterygoid innervation

A

Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve, via nerve to medial pterygoid

63
Q

Medial pterygoid action

A

Acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible; contributes to protrustion; unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements

64
Q

Lateral pterygoid origin

A

Triangular two-headed muscle from infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid (1) and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (2)

65
Q

Lateral pterygoid insertion

A

Superior head attaches primarily to joint capsule and articular disc of TMJ
Inferior head attaches primarily to pterygoid fovea on ateromedial aspect of neck of condyloid process of mandible

66
Q

Lateral pterygoid innervation

A

Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve, via nerves to lateral pterygoid

67
Q

Lateral pterygoid action

A

Acting bilaterally, protracts mandible and depresses chin; acting unilaterally, swings jaw toward contralateral side; alternate unilateral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements

68
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris origin

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid bone, superior and anterior to optic canal

69
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris insertion

A

Superior tarsus and skin of superior eyelid

70
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris innervation

A

Oculomotor nerve III; deep layer supplied by sympathetic fibers

71
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris action

A

Elevates superior eyelids

72
Q

Superior oblique origin

A

Body of sphenoid bone

73
Q

Superior oblique insertion

A

Tendon passes through trochlea to insert into sclera, deep to superior rectus

74
Q

Superior oblique innervation

A

Trochlear nerve IV

75
Q

Superior oblique action

A

Abducts, depresses, and rotates eyeball medially [intorsion]

76
Q

Inferior oblique origin

A

Anterior part of floor of orbit

77
Q

Inferior oblique insertion

A

Sclera deep to lateral rectus muscles

78
Q

Inferior oblique innervation

A

Trochlear nerve IV

79
Q

Inferior oblique action

A

Abducts, elevates, and rotates eyeball laterally [extorsion]

80
Q

Superior rectus origin

A

Common tendinous ring

81
Q

Superior rectus insertion

A

Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction

82
Q

Superior rectus innervation

A

Oculomotor nerve III

83
Q

Superior rectus action

A

Elevates, adducts, and rotates eyeball medially [intorsion]

84
Q

Inferior rectus origin

A

Common tendinous ring

85
Q

Inferior rectus insertion

A

Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction

86
Q

Inferior rectus innervation

A

Oculomotor nerve III

87
Q

Inferior rectus action

A

Depresses, adducts, and rotates eyeball laterally [extorsion]

88
Q

Medial rectus origin

A

Common tendinous ring

89
Q

Medial rectus insertion

A

Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction

90
Q

Medial rectus innevation

A

Oculomotor nerve III

91
Q

Medial rectus action

A

Adducts eyeball

92
Q

Lateral rectus origin

A

Common tendinous ring

93
Q

Lateral rectus insertion

A

Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction

94
Q

Lateral rectus innervation

A

Abducent nerve VI

95
Q

Lateral rectus action

A

Abducts eyeball

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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