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Gross Anatomy > Back/Neck Muscles > Flashcards

Back/Neck Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

Trapezius lateral attachment/inserition

A

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion/spine of scapula

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1
Q

Trapezius medial attachment/origin

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12

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2
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Motor: XI (spinal accessory nerve)
Sensory: C3, C4 spinal nerves

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3
Q

Trapezius actions

A 
Descending (superior): elevates
Ascending (inferior): depresses
Descending and Ascending: superiorly rotate glenoid cavity of scapula
Middle (or all parts): retracts scapula
Weakness causes shoulder droop
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4
Q

Latissimus dorsi medial attachment/origin

A

Spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs

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5
Q

Latissimus dorsi lateral attachment/insertion

A

Floor of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus

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6
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

C6 C7 C8 (6,7,8 lats are great) [Thoracodorsal nerve]

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7
Q

Latissimus dorsi actions

A

Extends, adducts, medially rotates shoulder joint

Raises body toward arms during climbing

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8
Q

Levator scapulae medial attachment/origin

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes (small bumps) of C1-C4

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9
Q

Levator scapulae lateral attachment/insertion

A

Medial border of scapula (superior to root of spine)

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10
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

Cervical spinal nerves (C3, C4), Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

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11
Q

Levator scapulae action

A

Elevates scapula (w/ superior trap), tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula, can extend (bilaterally) and laterally (unilaterally) flex neck

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12
Q

Rhomboid major/minor medial attachment/origin

A

Major: spinous processes of T2-T5
Minor: spinous processes of C7 (vertebral prominance) - T1, nichal ligament

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13
Q

Rhomboid major/minor lateral attachment/insertion

A

Major: medial border of scapula, from spine to inferior angle
Minor: Medial end of spine of scapula at triangular area

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14
Q

Rhomboid major/minor innervation

A

C4-C5 (dorsal scapular nerve)

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15
Q

Rhomboid major/minor actions

A

Retracts scapula, rotates to depress glenoid cavity, fix scapula to thoracic wall (w/ serratus) during movements of upper limb

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16
Q

Splenius capitis/ Splenius cervicis origin

A

From nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6

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17
Q

Splenius capitis/ Splenius cervicis insertion

A

Splenius capitis: mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Splenius cervicis: tubercles (bumps) of transverse processes of C1-C4

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18
Q

Splenius capitis/ Splenius cervicis innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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19
Q

Splenius capitis/ Splenius cervicis action

A

Act alone to flex neck/rotate head to side of active muscles

Act together to extend head and neck

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20
Q

Iliocostalis (erector spinae) origin

A

Posterior iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac/supraspinous ligaments, spinous processes

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21
Q

Iliocostalis (erector spinae) insertion

A

Angle of lower ribs, cervical transverse processes

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22
Q

Iliocostalis (erector spinae) innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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23
Q

Iliocostalis (erector spinae) action

A

Acts bilaterally to extend vertebral column/head

Acts unilaterally to flex vertebral column/head

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24
Q

Longissimus (erector spinae) origin

A

Posterior iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac/supraspinous ligaments, spinous processes

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25
Q

Longissimus (erector spinae) insertion

A

Ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic/cervical regions, mastoid process of temporal bone

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26
Q

Longissimus (erector spinae) innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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27
Q

Longissimus (erector spinae) action

A

Acts bilaterally to extend vertebral column/head

Acts unilaterally to flex vertebral column/head

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28
Q

Spinalis (erector spinae) origin

A

Posterior iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac/supraspinous ligaments, spinous processes

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29
Q

Spinalis (erector spinae) insertion

A

Runs superiorly to spinous processes in upper thoracic region to cranium

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30
Q

Spinalis (erector spinae) innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

31
Q

Spinalis (erector spinae) action

A

Acts bilaterally to extend vertebral column/head

Acts unilaterally to flex vertebral column/head

32
Q

Semispinalis (transversospinales) origin

A

Transverse processes of C4-T10

33
Q

Semispinalis (transversospinales) insertion

A

Superomedially to posterior occipital bone and spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical regions, spans 4-6 vertebral segments

34
Q

Semispinalis (transversospinales) innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

35
Q

Semispinalis (transversospinales) actions

A

Extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column, rotates them contralaterally

36
Q

Multifidus (transversospinales) origin

A

Posterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-iliac ligaments, mammillary processes (on articular process) of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, articular processes (part of facet) of C4-C7

37
Q

Multifidus (transversospinales) insertion

A

Pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 segments superior to origin

38
Q

Multifidus (transversospinales) innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

39
Q

Multifidus (transversospinales) action

A

Extends head and thoracic/cervical regions of vertebral column, contralateral rotation

40
Q

Rotatores (brevis/longus) (transversospinales) origin

A

Transverse processes of vertebrae (best developed in thoracic region)

41
Q

Rotatores (brevis/longus) (transversospinales) insertion

A

Attach to junction of lamina/ transverse processes/spinous processes of vertebra 1 above origin (brevis) or base of spinous process 2 (longus)

42
Q

Rotatores (brevis/longus) (transversospinales) innveration

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

43
Q

Rotatores (brevis/longus) (transversospinales) action

A

Function as organs of proprioception, may stabilize vertebrae, assist w/ local extension, and rotatory movements of vertebral column

44
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major origin

A

Spinous process of axis (C2)

45
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major insertion

A

Lateral part of inferior nuchal line

46
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major innervation

A

Suboccipital nerve (C1)

47
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major action

A

Posture (can extend head bilaterally)

48
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor origin

A

Posterior tubercle on posterior arch of C1 (atlas)

49
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor insertion

A

Medial third of inferior nuchal line

50
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor innervation

A

Suboccipital nerve (C1)

51
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor action

A

Posture (can extend head bilaterally)

52
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior origin

A

Spinous process of C2 (axis)

53
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior insertion

A

Transverse process of C1 (atlas)

54
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior innervation

A

Suboccipital nerve (C1)

55
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior action

A

Posture (can extend head bilaterally)

56
Q

Obliquus capitis superior origin

A

Transverse process of C1 (atlas)

57
Q

Obliquus capitis superior insertion

A

Occipital bone between nuchal lines

58
Q

Obliquus capitis superior innervation

A

Suboccipital nerve (c1)

59
Q

Obliquus capitis superior action

A

Posture (can extend head bilaterally)

60
Q

Sternocleidomastoid superior attachment (origin)

A

Sternal head - anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head - superior surface of medial third of clavicle

61
Q

Sternocleidomastoid inferior attachment (insertion)

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral half of superior nuchal line

62
Q

Sternocleidomastoid innervation

A

Motor: XI (spinal accessory nerve)
Sensory: C2 and C3 (great auricular nerve and transverse cervical nerve)

63
Q

Sternocleidomastoid action

A

Unilaterally: lateral neck flex, rotate face contralaterally and superiorly
Bilaterally: Extend neck, flex cervical vertebrae, extend superior cervical vertebrae and flex inferior (chin is thrusted forward with head kept level)

64
Q

Anterior scalene origin

A

Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 transverse processes

65
Q

Anterior scalene insertion

A

Scalene tubercule of first rib

66
Q

Anterior scalene innervation

A

C4, C5, C6

67
Q

Anterior scalene action

A

Flex neck laterally, elevate first rib in forces respiration

68
Q

Middle scalene origin

A

Transverse processes of C3-C7

69
Q

Middle scalene insertion

A

First rib posterior to groove for subclavian artery

70
Q

Middle scalene innervation

A

Anterior rami of cervical nerves

71
Q

Middle scalene action

A

Flex neck laterally, elevate first rib in forces respiration

72
Q

Posterior scalene origin

A

Posterior tubercules of transverse processes of C4-C6

73
Q

Posterior scalene insertion

A

Outer surface of second rib

74
Q

Posterior scalene innervation

A

C7, C8

75
Q

Posterior scalene action

A

Flexes neck laterally, elevates second rib in forces respiration

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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