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Anatomy 4 Test > Upper extremity joints > Flashcards

Upper extremity joints Flashcards

1
Q

shoulder complex

A

Four articulations involving
sternum, clavicle, ribs, scapula, and humerus

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2
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Saddle type synovial joint
Functions as a ball and socket

Articular disc connecting medial end of clavicle to the first costal cartilage and sternum

Thickening of the fibrous capsule form the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

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3
Q

Costcoclavicular ligament

A

First rib and it’s costal cartilage to the anterior margin of the medial end of the clavicle

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4
Q

bloos supply of the sternoclavicular

A

Internal thoracic and suprascapular arteries

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5
Q

nerve supply of a sternoclavicular joint

A

Branches of medial supraclavicular nerve (C3,C4)
Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

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6
Q

sternoclavicular joint injuries

A

Less than 5% of shoulder girdle injuries are SC joint fractures, or dislocations

more common in children and adolescents

High energy mechanisms

Most cases involve the medial and the clavicle displaced anteriorly

Most treated non-operatively

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7
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Plane synovial joint

Junction of lateral end of clavicle to the acromion process of Scapula

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8
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

Strengthens lateral end of the clavicle by attaching to clavicle
Two parts trapezoid, and conoid

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9
Q

blood supply of acromioclavicular joint

A

Suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries

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10
Q

nerve supply of acromioclavicular joint

A

Lateral pectoral and axillary nerves

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11
Q

scapular dyskinesia

A

alteration in the normal position or motion of Sscapula during couple scapulohumeral movements

Present and 68 to 100% of shoulder injuries

Clinicians, observe, scapular, motion, and congruence during self-directed upper extremity movements

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12
Q

Scapular dyskinesia Kibler types

A

type 1- inferior angle prominence
Type 2- medial border prominence
Type 3- superior border prominence
Type 4- symmetrical normal

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13
Q

Scapulothoracic joint

A

not a true synovial joint

Muscular joint between convex surface of posterior thoracic cage, and concave surface of anterior Scapula

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14
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

ball and socket synovial joint

Head of humerus and glenoid fossa

Both surface is covered by hyaline cartilage

Glenoid labrum deepens shallow socket of glenoid fossa for better fit

Superior portion of labrum blends with the tendon of long head of biceps brachii

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15
Q

slap tear

A

Superior labrum anterior to posterior tear

May occur due to
motor vehicle accident
Fall on outstretched arm
Forceful pull on arm
Rapid or forceful movement of arm
Shoulder dislocation

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16
Q

Glenohumeral joint capsule

A

fibrous capsule thing and loose allowing for wide ROM

lined by synovial membrane

extension of capsule from versa about the shoulder

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17
Q

intrinsic ligaments of the GH joint

A

Glenohumeral ligaments
transverse humeral ligament
Coracohumoral ligament

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18
Q

Glenohumeral ligaments

A

Three fibrous bands found only on the internal aspect of the capsule

They radiate laterally from the supraglenoid tubercle into three bands, superior, middle and inferior

They function to strengthen the anterior capsule of the joint

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19
Q

transverse humeral ligament

A

Attaches from the greater to lesser tubercle, converting the groove into a canal

Maintains the position of the long head of the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove, and the synovial sheath

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20
Q

coracohumeral ligament

A

extending from the base of the coracoid to the anatomical neck of the humerus

Functions to strengthen the superior part of the capsule

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21
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A

Extrinsic ligament

Spans from the coracoid process to the acromion process

Helps form the coracoacromial arch which protects the humerus from superior displacement

Acromion, coracoid, and coracoacromial ligament form the arch

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22
Q

Subscapular bursa

A

located between subscapularis tendon and the neck of the scapula

Extension of the synovial capsule

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23
Q

subtendinois bursa

A

Extension of the synovial capsule under the transverse humoral ligament for protection of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon

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24
Q

Subacromial bursa

A

between acromion and supraspinatus tendon

Extends between deltoid, and the proximal end of the humerus to form the subdeltoid bursa

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25
Q

Glenohumeral joint blood supply

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex, arteries and branches from the suprascapular artery

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26
Q

Glenohumeral nerve supply

A

Suprascapular, lateral pectoral and axillary nerve supply the glenohumeral joint

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27
Q

painful arc for acromioclavicular

A

170° to an 180

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28
Q

Painful arc for Glenohumeral

A

45-60 to 120

29
Q

Scapulohumeral rhythm

A

After 30° of abduction rhythm is remarkably constant at 2:1 ratio

every 3° of shoulder abduction…
2° comes from a Glenohumeral abduction and 1° comes from ST upward rotation

30
Q

kinematic principles of Scapulohumeral abduction

A
  1. 2:1 ratio of GH to ST motion
  2. 60° of ST upward rotation result from simultaneous elevation of the clavicle at the SC joint, combine with the upward rotation of the scapula at the AC joint
  3. clavicle retracts at SC joint during full SH abduction about 15°.
  4. Sscapula posteriorly tells about 20° and externally rotate about 10°.
  5. Clavicle, rotates, posteriorly around long axis.
  6. humerus naturally externally rotate during SH abduction.
31
Q

Long head of the biceps attaches to

A

Superior part of labrum and may contribute to slap lesions

32
Q

elbow joint

A

Complex joint that involves three articulations collectively known as cubital articulation

Humeroulnar, humeroradial
2 hinge joints

proximal radioulnar
pivot joint

33
Q

intrinsic ligaments of the elbow joint

A

Consist of collateral ligaments on the medial and lateral sides that are thickening of the fibrous capsule

Ulnar collateral
radial collateral

34
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament

A

anterior posterior and oblique

These three bands extend from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid and olecranon processes

Anterior band is the strongest
Posterior is the weakest
Oblique band deepens the socket for the trochlea of the humerus

35
Q

Radial collateral

A

Extends from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament

36
Q

annular ligament

A

Thickening of the capsule of the proximal radioulnar joint, which encircles and holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna

Allows for pronation and supination with dislocation

37
Q

subcutaneous olecranon bursa

A

Between the skin and the olecranon

38
Q

subtendinous olecranon bursae

A

Between the tricep tendon and olecranon

39
Q

intratendinous olecranon bursa

A

Sometimes present in tendon of the triceps brachii

40
Q

Radioulnar bursae

A

Between extensor digitorum, radiohumeral joint, and the supinator muscle

41
Q

bicipitoradial bursae

A

between the biceps tendon, and the anterior part of the radial tuberosity

42
Q

blood supply of the elbow joint

A

Anastomosis around the joint

43
Q

Nerve supply of the elbow joint

A

Musculotaneous, radial and ulnar nerves

44
Q

hinge joint action joints

A

Humeroradial
Humeroulnar

Flexion and extension

45
Q

normal carrying angle

A

Females: 10 to 15°
Males : 5 to 10°

46
Q

cubitus valgas

A

Greater than 15°

47
Q

Cubitus varus

A

less than 5°

Gunstock

48
Q

Radiocarpal joint involves

A

Distal end of the radius
Scaphoid
Lunate
TFCC

49
Q

main function of TFCC

A

Separate joint cavities of the Radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints

50
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint

A

Head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

radius is held in place by the strong annular ligament

Ligament is lined with synovial membrane to decrease fiction build up and prevent disruption of the capsule

51
Q

proximal radioulnar, joint movements

A

Head of the radius rotates from within the annual ring created by the ligament

Rotation allows for supination and pronation of the hand

52
Q

Blood supply of the proximal radioulnar joint

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

53
Q

Innervation of the proximal radioulnar joint

A

Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median

54
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A

pivot joint with radius, moving around the relatively fixed distal end of the ulna

Fibrocartilaginous Articular disc which binds the radius to the ulna, and is sometimes referred to as the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

55
Q

Blood supply of distal radioulnar joint

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

56
Q

innervation of distal radioulnar joint

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous nerve

57
Q

triarticular forearm complex

A

consist of proximal middle and distal radioulnar joint

58
Q

Radiocarpal joint

A

Condyloid synovial joint

Fibrous capsule surrounding the joint and attaching to the distal end of the radius and ulna, and the proximal row of carpal bones

Lined synovial membrane

59
Q

Intrinsic ligaments of radiocarpal joint

A

Palmar Radiocarpal ligament
Dorsal Radiocarpal lig
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament

60
Q

Palmar Radiocarpal ligament

A

Extend from the radius to the two rows of carpal bones

These strong ligaments support that joint and direct the hand to follow the radius during supination of the forearm

61
Q

dorsal radiocarpal ligament

A

dorsal surface and provide similar function as the Palmar ligaments

62
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament

A

Attached at the ulnar styloid process and extends to triquetrum strengthening the medial aspect of the capsule

63
Q

Radial collateral ligament

A

Attaches to the radial styloid process and the scaphoid

Strengthening the lateral aspect of the joint capsule

64
Q

The articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint intervenes between

A

The head of the ulna and the carpals

65
Q

blood supply of the radiocarpal joint

A

Dorsal and Palmar arches

66
Q

innervation of Radiocarpal joint

A

Anterior interosseous nerve
Posterior interosseous nerve
Ulnar nerve

67
Q

kinematics of radiocarpal joint sagittal plane

A

Sagittal plane motion
Best appreciated by seeing the rest as an articulated Central column

Formed by linkages between
Distal radius
lunate
Capitate
Third metacarpal

68
Q

Kinematics of radiocarpal joint frontal plane

A

ulnar and radial deviation

Synchronous convex on concave rotations at Radiocarpal and midcarpal joints

Anatomy 4 Test (9 decks)

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