Upper extremity Injuries Flashcards
Paresthesia refers to a _______ or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body. The sensation, which happens without warning, is usually painless and described as tingling or numbness, skin crawling, or itching
burning
__ ________ syndrome is caused by cumulative microtrauma resulting in tenosynovitis of the thumb muscle tendon unit, the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis, and the tendons in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist.
de Quervain
Protective reeducation educates clients to _______ compensate for sensory loss and to avoid working with machinery and temperatures below 60°.
visually
Discriminative reeducation uses motivation and ________ in a vision–tactile matching process in which clients identify objects with and without vision.
repetition
For sensory reeducation after nerve injury, sensory recovery begins with pain perception and progresses to _______ of 30 cycles per second, moving touch, and constant touch.
vibration
Desensitization is a process of applying different _______ and ________ stimulation to reeducate the nervous system so clients can tolerate sensations during functional use of the upper extremity.
textures
tactile
PAMs are considered a ________ method for the therapeutic use of occupations or purposeful activities
preparatory
Cryotherapy
Indications, contraindications, and precautions: Avoid use with clients with impaired circulation, peripheral vascular disease, ____________ to cold, impaired ________, open wounds, or infections.
hypersensitivity
sensation
Thermotherapy
Indications, contraindications, and precautions: Avoid use with clients with _____ inflammation, edema, _______ impairment, cancer, blood clot, infection, cardiac problems, and impaired cognition.
acute
sensory
Phonophoresis is the use of ________ to promote absorption of topically applied medication to accelerate tissue repair and decrease inflammation.
ultrasound
Ultrasound
Indications, contraindications, and precautions: Avoid use with clients who have cancer; are pregnant; or have a ___________, bleeding, or an infection. Avoid use over the eyes, blood clots, and growth plates of bones in _______. Be cautious when using with inflammation, fractures and breast implants and with clients who have cognitive, language, or _______ impairments.
pacemaker
children
sensory
NMES, TENS, and iontophoresis
Indications, contraindications, and precautions: Do not use over _________, carotid sinus, pregnant uterus, and eyes or with clients with epilepsy, cancer, infection, decreased ________, cardiac disease, and stroke. With iontophoresis use, be aware of possible drug allergies.
pacemakers
sensation
Resting hand splints maintain the wrist at 20°–30° ________, thumb at 45° palmar ________, MCPs at 35°–45° _______, and PIPs and DIPs in slight flexion.
extension
abduction
flexion
Antideformity resting hand splints (burn intrinsic plus) maintain the wrist at 30°-__° extension, thumb at 45° palmar abduction, MCPs at 70°- __° flexion, and PIPs and DIPs in full __________.
40
90
extension
Ball or ____ antispasticity splints are ulnar or volar based and provide thumb palmar or radial abduction, a hard surface in contact with finger ______, and serial casting for the wrist, elbow, knee, or ankle to decrease soft tissue contractures.
cone
flexors
Wrist cock-up splints (dorsal or volar wrist immobilization) maintain hand arches, full thumb movement, and full MP ______.
flexion
Thumb spica splints (volar thumb or radial gutter thumb immobilization) are used on the long or short opponens to provide CMC __________.
immobilization
Finger splints include PIP ________ (i.e., Boutonniere, Capener, prefabricated dynamic extension assist, and serial casting) splints, PIP flexion splints, PIP hyper________ block (swan neck) splints, DIP ________ (mallet finger, serial casting) splints, DIP flexion splints, and silver ring splints.
extension
extension
extension
Nerve injury splinting
Carpal tunnel syndrome: Wrist in _______ to 10° _________.
neutral
extension
Nerve injury splinting
Ulnar nerve at wrist: Block fourth and fifth MCPs to 30°–45° ______ to prevent ____________.
flexion
hyperextension