Test 1 Flashcards
Perceptual disorder characterized by denial, neglect, and lack of awareness of the presence or severity of one’s paralysis.
Anosognoisa
Daily, direct contact at the site of work is _______ supervision.
Close
Direct contact every 2 weeks at site of work. Interim supervision by telephone, written, etc., is _______ supervision.
Routine
_______ supervision is at least monthly direct contact w/ supervision available as needed by other methods.
General
_______ supervision is provided only on a needed basis, and may be less than monthly.
Minimal
At 0-1mo a baby has ______ release and a strong _______ reflex.
no
grasp
At 1-4mo a baby has ________ release.
involuntary
At 4-8mo a baby ________ object from hand to hand.
transfers
At _______mo a baby has volitional release.
7-9
Picking up coins requires __________ translation.
finger-to-palm
Placing coins in a slot requires _________ translation.
palm-to-finger
Separating 2 pieces of paper requires a the manipulating skill of shift, which can be done at _____yrs
3-5
Rolling clay into a ball requires a the manipulating skill of shift, which can be done at _____yrs.
3-6+
Unscrewing a small bottle cap requires _______ rotation.
simple
Simple rotation can be done at ______yrs.
2-2.5
Turning a pencil over to erase requires _______ rotation.
complex
Complex rotation can be done at ____yrs.
6-7
Writing tool with fisted hand is ________ ________ grasp.
palmer-supinate
Digital pronate grasp is done at ____yrs.
2-3yrs
Static tripod is done at ____yrs.
3.5-4
Dynamic tripod is done at ____yrs.
4.5-6
A child can cut simple figure shapes at ____yrs and complex at _____yrs.
4-6
6-7
Left CVA affects the ________ side of the body, _______ memory, and speech.
right
verbal
Right CVA affects the _____ side of the body, ________ memory, and emotion.
left
non-verbal
Rancho levels 1, 2, 3 require _______ assistance.
total
Rancho levels:
1= ________ response
2= ________ response
3= ________ response
No
Generalized
Localized
Rancho levels ___ and ___ require maximum assistance.
4
5
Rancho levels:
4= confused and ________
5= confused and _________
6= confused and ________
agitated
inappropriate, nonagitated
appropriate
Rancho level ____ requires moderate assistance.
6
Rancho level ____ requires minimum assistance for ADLs.
7
Rancho level __ and __ requires stand-by assistance and level ___ is stand-by on request.
8
9
Rancho level ___ requires modified independence assistance.
10
Rancho level 7 is _________ and appropriate.
automatic
Rancho levels 8, 9,10 are ________ and appropriate.
purposeful
Practice under ________ conditions is a motor learning technique that increases generalization of learning to new situations.
variable
Sensations of pain, pinprick, and temperature are impaired, but proprioception is maintained in anterior or posterior spinal cord syndrome?
anterior
Many children with down syndrome struggle with _________ and limited attention spans.
distractibility
The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) mandates that an _______ be written within 30 days of evaluation.
IEP ( Individualized education plan)
Client with C3 SCI out in public wants to go back to rehab center b/c pounding headache and is sweating profusely. What should you check first?
Urinary catheter and collecting bag
Profuse sweating and headaches are signs of autonomic _________.
dysreflexia
Translation in-hand manipulation skills can assist a child to move from a ______ tripod to a ________ tripod grasp/
static
dynamic
One of the more common symptoms of COPD is d______
dyspnea
The best approach to decrease a tonic bite reflex is to press down firmly on the _______ of the tongue.
center
Primary generalized seizures begin w/ widespread involvement of ______ sides of the brain.
both
Partial seizures begin w/ involvement of a smaller, ________ area of the brain.
localized
An _____ is the brief warning stage before the tonic phase of an epileptic seizure.
aura
Awareness questioning is used in the dynamic interaction approach to help the individual estimate _____ difficulty, predict outcomes, and _____ for task success.
task
strategize
A project/associative group utilizes ______-term activities that require the participation of two or more people. Tasks are shared and the focus is on ________ rather than completion.
short
interaction
Astereognosis, aka tactile _______, is the inability to recognize objects, forms, shapes, and sizes through touch alone
agnosia
A child w/ hypotonia during feeding should be placed w/ their head in ________ and be semi-reclined w/ neck in _______ position.
midline
neutral
An entry-level OTA is trained and qualified to perform ADL assessments.
True or false?
True
__________ is the ability to identify objects through touch and cognition.
Stereognosis
Allen’s cognitive level 1 presents w/ _______ motor actions, ________ from noxious stimuli, and may possibly ______ in bed.
automatic
withdraws
roll
Allen’s cognitive level 2 presents w/ _______ motor functions, aimless _________ and possibly grabbing.
gross
walking
Allen’s cognitive level 3 presents w/ _______ non-goal directed motor functions, _______ objects and can use most objects.
manual
grasping.
When splinting a pt w/ a burn to the hand, the wrist should be in 20-30 degree _______, MCP joints in 70degree ______, IP joints in _______, and thumb _______ and extended.
extension
flexion
extension
abducted
The forward protective extension reflex develops at __-__mo. The protective extension sideward reflex develops at __mo. The backward protective extension develops at __mo.
6-9
7
10
The RADAR approach is used in the context of _______ abuse.
domestic
Ama sensorimotor play, ________ ______ is a play occupation that uses sensory input to learn new experiences.
exploratory play
Play occupation that uses toys consistent with their intended purpose (e.g., pretending to self-feed with a spoon)
Also referred to as functional play
Relational play
Play ccupation that involvesmaking objects/toys perform intended actions (e.g., pretending to use a phone to talk)
Also referred to as symbolic or imaginary play
Pretend play
Play occupation that includes:
• interaction with and emotionally relating to others
• behavior and skills to develop and progress through childhood
Social play
Play occupation that involves full body, kinesthetic motor movements (e.g., climbing on a play structure)
Gross motor play
Play occupation that involves using objects/toys to produce or build something (e.g., put together a puzzle
Constructive play
Meaningful, intrinsically motivating, and purposeful performance activities of childhood, types include: • exploratory play • relational play • pretend play • constructive play • social play • gross motor play
Play occupations
Fine motor function of the hand, either precision or power, used to manipulate items
Patterns include:
• cylindrical grasp
• power grasp
• tripod grasp
Grasp patterns
Grasp used when stability and strength are required, involves:
• ulnar digits flexed and ulnar side of hand controlling the object
• radial digits less flexed while manipulating the object
Power grasp
Type of prehension grasp used to carry an item with a handle (e.g., lunchbox, briefcase) without using thumb and palm
Hook grasp
Grasp used for holding a tube-shaped item (e.g., drinking glass, baseball bat)
Cylindrical grasp
Prehensile pattern used to grasp a small item with the thumb opposed to the radial side of the index finger (e.g., placing a key in a lock)
Lateral pinch
Prehensile grasp used to manipulate small objects with the thumb opposed to the index and middle finger pad (e.g., picking up a pencil)
Pincer grasp
Neurodegenerative condition associated with deterioration in the substantia nigra, characterized by: • rigidity • bradykinesia • resting tremor • festinating gait
Parkinson’s Disease
Neurodegenerative condition associated with white matter lesions in the CNS and demyelination process, characterized by fluctuant changes in: • energy level • sensation • weakness • cognition • vision • mobility
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Acute demyelinating condition, characterized by:
• symmetrical and progressive paralysis
• ascending weakness starting at the feet
• possible involvement of cranial nerves and muscles of respiration
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Neurodegenerative condition associated with progressive death of upper and lower motor neurons, characterized by:
• muscle weakness in one or more extremity
• difficulties with speech, swallowing, and / or breathing
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Genetically-inherited degenerative neurological disease typically beginning between 30-50 years of age, characterized by choreiform movements, decline in thinking and reasoning skills, and alterations in mood
Huntington’s Disease
Inherited genetic disorder resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy of the proximal musculature of the pelvis and shoulder girdle, symptoms more common in males and detected around 3 years of age
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
Autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting, joints, skin, blood cells and vital organs, characterized by a distinct butterfly-shaped facial rash that crosses both cheeks
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Most common form of dementia characterized by a decline in memory, thinking and performance skills with 3 stages:
• mild
• moderate
• severe
Alzheimer’s Disease
Progressive age-related visual condition, characterized by:
• atrophy of the macula (posterior part of the retina)
• decrease in central visual acuity
• blurry, distorted, or low vision
Macular degeneration
Autoimmune motor unit disorder, characterized by:
• ptosis and double vision
• possible difficulty with chewing, swallowing, and speech
• weakness and fatigue that increases throughout the day
Myasthenia gravis
Emergency medical condition characterized by blocked flow of blood to the heart muscle, resulting in damage to the heart
Myocardial infarction
Chest pain or pressure in response to exertion or at rest radiating to: • arms • neck • jaw • back
Angina
Shortness of breath due to impaired breathing when lying in a supine position
Recommendations may include for client to sleep in an upright position
Orthopnea
Shortness of breath due to impaired breathing in response to activity or at rest, may require:
• medical attention
• modification to activity demands
• instruction in breathing techniques
Dyspnea
Inability of the central nervous system to regulate tactile input resulting in overreaction to ordinary touch sensations on the skin or in the mouth
Tactile defensiveness
Potentially fatal formation of a blood clot most often occurring in the calf area with high risk for pulmonary embolism, symptoms include: • pain with dorsiflexion of the foot • tenderness of the calf • swelling of the leg • warmth to touch
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis: Preventive strategies
Used with patients who are high-risk for developing blood clot in the legs and include:
• compression hosiery
• calf-pumping exercises
• functional mobility
Potentially fatal condition resulting when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks arterial circulation, symptoms may be asymptomatic or may include one or more of the following: • sudden shortness of breath (dyspnea) • sharp chest pain • rapid heart rate (tachycardia) • rapid breathing (tachypnea) • profuse sweating • anxiety Constitutes a medical emergency
Pulmonary embolism
Expected functional outcome: Spinal cord injury Level C1-3
Expected functional outcome after SCI:
• ventilator dependent
• total physical assistance for BADL & IADL
• able to direct care needs
Expected functional outcome: Spinal cord injury Level C4
Expected functional outcome after SCI:
• initially ventilator dependent; progress to breathing independently with reduced vital capacity
• total physical assistance for BADL & IADL
• able to direct care needs
• power wheelchair with adaptations for independence in mobility
• total assistance for bed mobility and transfers
Expected functional outcome: Spinal cord injury Level C5
Expected functional outcome after SCI:
• independent respiratory function with reduced vital capacity; may need assistance for a productive cough
• total assistance for bowel and bladder management
• independent self-feeding with adaptive devices
• assistance for grooming with adaptive devices
• total assistance for bathing
Expected functional outcome: Spinal cord injury Level C6
Expected functional outcome after SCI:
• independent respiratory function with reduced vital capacity; may need assistance for a productive cough
• minimal to total assistance for bowel and bladder management with adaptive devices
• may need some assistance for for basic ADL, transfers and bed mobility with adaptive devices, and outdoor wheelchair propulsion in a manual wheelchair
• total assistance for standing
Expected functional outcome: Spinal cord injury Level C7-T1
Expected functional outcome after SCI: • independent respiratory function • assistance for bowel management • modified independence for basic ADL • some assistance for standing • modified independence for bed mobility and transfer • independent driving with modifications
Expected functional outcome: Spinal cord injury Level T2-T12
Expected functional outcome after SCI:
• independent to modified independence for basic ADL
• modified independence for bowel and bladder management
• modified independence for bed mobility, transfer, and standing
• independent wheelchair mobility
Expected functional outcome: Spinal cord injury Level L1-L5
Expected functional outcome after SCI: • independent in ADL and bed mobility • ambulate with assistive devices • may use wheelchair for distance; independent with loading and unloading from the vehicle • independent driving with hand controls
Thromboangiitis obliterans is a smoking-related condition that results in ______ ______ formation (thrombosis) in small and medium-sized arteries, and less commonly veins. The affected areas are most commonly the hands and feet. Thromboangiitis obliterans is also known as Buerger disease.
blood clot
A person w/ a C6 SCI cannot independently don underwear and pants while in bed.
True or false?
False
A person w/ a C6 SCI uses what type of transfer?
Sliding board
_____ _____ rigidity is a motor dysfunction secondary to a lesion of the basal ganglia in which the muscles respond in a jerky motion when force is applied during flexion of a joint, common symptom of Parkinson’s disease.
Cog-wheel
_____ ______ rigidity is a motor dysfunction secondary to a lesion of the basal ganglia where during slow PROM, constant resistance is felt throughout; common symptom of Parkinson’s disease.
Lead pipe
Reflexive abnormal motor movements in response to a tendon stretch (as in reflex testing), indicative of a cortical lesion, characterized by a series of involuntary rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscle
Clonus
Joint deformity consisting of PIP flexion and DIP hyperextension, commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and PIP joint trauma
Intervention may include fabrication of orthosis to support the PIP in extension while allowing movement at the DIP
Boutonnière deformity
Joint deformity consisting of PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and tendon trauma
Intervention may include a tri-point ring orthosis to prevent PIP hyperextension
Swan neck deformity
Inability to extend DIP joint due to rupture of the distal end of extensor tendon
Intervention may include static orthosis to maintain DIP in extension
Mallet finger
_______ ______ is a hand deformity where MCP joints deviate to the small finger side of the hand, commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Intensified by functional activities requiring power grasp and lateral pinch
Ulnar drift
Receptive and/or expressive language impairment secondary to a brain lesion
Typically sub-categorized as: Broca’s, Wernicke’s, global, anomic, conduction, or transcortical
Aphasia
Figure-ground discrimination
The ability to focus on a single detail in a busy background, impairments may cause:
• locating personal items in a cluttered space
• finding information on a blackboard
• locating a person in a crowd
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing associated with:
• neurological, developmental, or oral motor condition
• sensory, motor, or behavioral dysfunction
Muscle grade 1/5
Muscle grade assigned for:
• trace movement observed and palpated
• no active movement noted, but muscle contraction is observed or palpated
Muscle grade 2/5
Muscle grade assigned for:
• poor strength observed where movement is noted only in a gravity-minimized plane
Muscle grade 3/5
Muscle grade assigned for:
• fair strength observed where movement is noted against gravity
Score may range from:
• fair (-): incomplete ROM against gravity
• fair: full ROM against gravity with no resistance applied
• fair(+): full ROM against gravity and slight resistance
Muscle Grade 4/5
Muscle grade assigned for:
• good strength observed with full ROM against gravity and moderate resistance
Muscle grade 5/5
Muscle grade assigned for:
• normal strength observed with full ROM against gravity and maximal resistance
Motor apraxia
Neurobehavioral deficit characterized by difficulty planning and sequencing the motor movements needed to complete a task (e.g., attempting to reposition the bristles of a toothbrush to brush teeth when moving it from one side of the mouth to the other)
Ataxia
Abnormal movement pattern secondary to a cerebellar lesion, resulting in a lack of smooth-coordinated muscle movements, behavioral manifestations include:
• slurred speech (dysarthria)
• difficulty with alternating movements (dysdiadochokinesia)
• staggering gait (ataxic gait)
• swallowing difficulties (dysphagia)
• overshooting/undershooting during reach (dysmetria)
Diaphoresis
Excessive sweating controlled by the central nervous system that may be associated with:
• increased exertion
• febrile condition
• symptom of a medical condition
Dysphagia
Impairment in the ability to swallow that may cause difficulties in eating and risk of aspiration
Categories include:
• paralytic
• pseudo bulbar
• mechanical
Homonymous _________ is a visual field impairment involving both eyes where the client only sees either to the right or left of midline.
hemianopsia
