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FPP_MSS > Upper Extremity Clinical Correlation > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Clinical Correlation Flashcards

1
Q

Identify

A

Pancoast tumor

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2
Q

Identify

A

Fabella

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3
Q

Identify

A

calcific tendonitis

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4
Q

The calcifications in the attached image are commonly found in what syndrome?

A

Crest Syndrome

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5
Q

Identify

A

Soft tissue hemangiomas

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6
Q

Identify

A

Lipohemarthrosis

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7
Q

In which joint type is effusion generally most easily identified?

A

knee

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8
Q

Identify

A

Jones fracture

(fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal)

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9
Q

Identify

A

Rolando fracture

(base of the 1st metacarpal @ CMC joint)

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10
Q

Identify

A

intertrochanteric fracture

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11
Q

Identify

A

avuslion fracture

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12
Q

Identify

A

Segond fracture

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13
Q

Identify

A

tophi (gout)

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14
Q

Name (6) modalities commonly used for musculoskeletal imaging

A
  1. Radiographs (plain film x-ray)
  2. Fluoroscopy
  3. Ultrasound
  4. Computed tomography (CT)
  5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  6. Nuclear imaging (ex: PET)
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15
Q

Name and describe (3) major categories of fracture

A
  1. Acute: due to sudden impact or force exceeds the strength of bone
  2. Stress: due to repetitive submaximal stresses
  3. Pathologic: due to otherwise normal stresses on diseased bone
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16
Q

Give (3) major examination signs of fracture

A

Deformity

Bony point tenderness

Pain with loading -> best identified with indirect loading

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Name (4) indirect loading tests for fracture

A
  1. axial
  2. bump test
  3. hop test
  4. fulcrum test
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19
Q

Why might use of NSAIDs be contraindicated in bone fracture?

A

NSAIDs may interfere with prostaglandin roles in bone healing

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20
Q

Name three bones that are especially vulnerable to avascular necrosis in the event of a fracture

A
  1. Scaphoid
  2. Talus
  3. Femoral head and neck
21
Q

The femoral head and neck are chiefly supplied by what vessel?

A

medial circumflex femoral artery

22
Q

What is post-traumatic arthritis?

A

Arthritis developed following dislocation, usually chronic dislocation

23
Q

Name some historical (Hx) and examination (Ex) features found with arthritis

A

Hx:

  1. stiffness, especially after rest
  2. progressive pain, worse especially after use

Ex:

  1. Joint line tenderness
  2. deformity
  3. mild swelling
  4. pain evoked on passive and active movement
24
Q

Name (3) major risk factors for capsulitis

A
  1. Injury
  2. Diabetes
  3. Thyroid disease
25
Q

Name and describe the three (3) major phases of capsulitis

A
  1. Freeze: painful with decreasing range of motion (ROM)
  2. Frozen: non-painful with stable/minimal ROM
  3. Thawing: non-painful with increasing range of motion
26
Q

Identify

A

Long head biceps tendon rupture

27
Q

What are the key considerations when weighing treatment options for musculotendinous ruptures?

A
  • Impact of missing muscle
  • Presence of alternative muscles
  • Functional requirements of the patient
28
Q

Define: enthesopathy

A

Disorder of the bony attachment of a muscle or tendon

29
Q

Define: tendinitis

A

Acute inflammation of a tendon

traumatic: pull or blow

30
Q

Define tendinosis

A

Chronic degeneration of a tendon

possibly due to repetitive submaximal irritation

31
Q

What is a strain?

What are its symptoms?

A

Damage to muscle from overstretching, usually during eccentric loading of the muscle

Sx: stiffness, bruising, swelling, soreness

32
Q
A
33
Q

Acromioclavicular (AC) sprain…

Give the common etiology, presentation, and exam findings

A

Etiology:

  • fall directly onto the shoulder

Presentation:

  • pain with overhead motions
  • visible deformity of the superior shoulder

Exam findings:

  • pain and deformity at AC joint
  • positive cross-chest test (cross-body adduction)
  • painful abduction to >150º
34
Q
A
35
Q

AC injury grading:

AC and CC tear

A

Grade III

36
Q

AC injury grading

AC tear with CC injury

A

Grade II

37
Q

AC injury grading:

AC injury with no CC involvement

A

Grade I

38
Q

Define sprain

what are its primary symptoms?

A

ligamentous damage from overloading

Sx: instability or laxity, swelling

39
Q

Sprain grading:

partial tear, significant laxity and pain

A

Grade II

40
Q

Sprain grading:

microscopic damage, no increased laxity, increased pain with stress or load

A

Grade I

41
Q

Sprain grading:

Complete tear, significant laxity, pain that may resolve following acute phase

A

Grade III

42
Q

Which nerve is generally at greatest risk following an anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary n.

43
Q

Define dislocation

A

Complete displacement of the joint

44
Q

Define subluxation

A

transient, partial joint displacement

45
Q

Define laxity

A

“looseness” of the joint

may be normal variant

46
Q

What is the most common type/direction of shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior (90%)

47
Q

What is (are) the common etiologies of anterior shoulder dislocation?

A
  1. Direct blow to the posterior shoulder
  2. Forced extension, abduction, and external rotation of the arm
48
Q

What is Simian (Ape) hand?

A

Thenar wasting associated with carpal tunnel syndrome

FPP_MSS (30 decks)

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