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Orthodics > Upper Extremity and Spinal > Flashcards

Upper Extremity and Spinal Flashcards

1
Q

EWHO

A

elbow wrist hand orthosis

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2
Q

Opponens Orthosis/Spica Splint

A

Maintain, assist or provide opposition by stabilizing the thumb in a functional position

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3
Q

What is a thumb spica indicated for?

A

Scaphoid Fractures, thumb phalanx fractures or dislocations

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4
Q

Most common uses of thumb spica?

A

Gamekeepers thumb or skiers thumb

DeQuiervans tenosynovitis

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5
Q

Fitting of thumb spica:

A

Extends from DIP joint of thumb incorporates the thumb and extends up 2/3 of the proximal lateral forearm

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6
Q

Ulnar gutter splint indications:

A

phalangeal and metacarpal fractures

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7
Q

Most common uses of ulnar gutter splint:

A

most common-Boxer fracture

5th MCP and soft tissue injury to little and ring finger

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8
Q

Radial gutter splint indications:

A

fractures, phalangeal and metacarpal and soft tissue injury of the index and middle fingers

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9
Q

What is a wrist hand orthosis (WHO) commonly referred to as?

A

resting hand splint

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10
Q

What is a WHO used for:

A

Commonly used to prevent contractures

Maintains neutral/static wrist, hand, and finger

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11
Q

Cock-up splint uses:

A

Commonly used in cases of carpal tunnel syndrome

Maintains wrist in slight extension

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12
Q

Tenodesis orthosis

A

Commonly used in cases of cervical spinal cord injury that result in paralysis of prehension

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13
Q

What does a tenodesis orthosis do?

A

Creates approximation of the 2nd and 3rd digits and the thumb with active extension of the wrist

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14
Q

How long does extensor tendon repairs take?

A

12 weeks in some degree of splinting. 4-6 months for full recovery

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15
Q

How long are flexor tendons immobilized?

A

6-8 weeks

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16
Q

What are patients placed in following extensor tendon repair?

A

static volar splint

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17
Q

Setting of static volar splint:

A

wrist in 30d of ext, the MCP joints in 0-15d flexion, and IP joints in full extension

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18
Q

What are patients placed in following flexor tendon repair?

A

dorsal protective splint

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19
Q

Setting of dorsal protective splint:

A

30-40d wrist flexion, 50-70d MCP flexion, and the IP joints are allowed full extension

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20
Q

Mallet Finger: extensor tendon DIP; DIP joint:

A

DIP joint should be splinted with stack splint in a neutral or slight hyperextension position for six weeks

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21
Q

Mallet Finger: extensor tendon DIP; PIP joint:

A

the PIP joint should remain mobile

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22
Q

Exam of Central slip extensor tendon injury (may cause boutonniere deformity over time)

A

tender at dorsal aspect of PIP joint (middle phalanx)

inability to actively extend the PIP joint

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23
Q

Treatment of Central slip extensor tendon injury (may cause boutonniere deformity over time)

A

splint PIP joint in full extension for 6 weeks

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24
Q

Exam of collateral ligament injury (usually at the PIP joint)

A

maximal tenderness at involved collateral ligament

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25
Treatment of collateral ligament injury (usually at the PIP joint)
stable joint: buddy tape for 2-4 weeks. Do not leave 5th digit exposed if ring finger is taped
26
Exam of extensor tendon injury at DIP joint
tender at dorsal aspect of the DIP joint | no active extension of DIP joint
27
Treatment of extensor tendon injury at DIP joint
Splint the DIP joint continuously for 6 weeks
28
Exam of FDP tendon injury
tender at volar aspect of the DIP joint | inability to flex the DIP joint
29
Treatment of FDP tendon injury:
splint finger and refer to orthopedic or hand surgeon
30
Exam of volar plate injury (usually at PIP joint)
maximal tenderness at volar aspect of involved joint
31
Treatment of volar plate injury (usually at PIP joint)
splint at 30 degrees of flexion and progressively increase extension for 2-4 weeks Buddy tape at the joint if injury is less severe
32
Jersey Finger:
Flexor Digitorum Profudus tendon forced extension of the DIP joint during active flexion
33
How is the volar plate injured?
hyperextension of finger joint, dorsal dislocation
34
What is ususally affected in volar plate injury?
PIP joint collateral ligament damage extensor tendon can be pulled into hyperextension
35
Shoulder abduction orthosis:
Sometimes referred to as an “airplane splint” | Maintains abduction at the glenohumeral joint
36
CTLSO:
cervical, thoracic, lumbosacral orthosis
37
Cervical Orthosis (CO)
Soft Cervical Collar Commonly used for mild soft tissue strains and sprains Kinesthetic reminder to limit motion
38
Types of Cervical Orthosis
``` Semi-Rigid Cervical Orthosis Can provide access to the trachea Moderate Control of ROM Kinesthetic Reminder Adjustable OTS ```
39
Miami J Thoracic extension brace used for:
``` Lower C-Spine disruptions Level one instabilities Isolated compartment fracture Lateral mass fracture Spinous Process fracture Upper C-Spine disruptions For increased stability over the collar alone Stable Jefferson or Hangmans Fracture Type I Odontoid Fracture ```
40
What is the rigid frame design used for?
Commonly used in stable fractures and Moderate to Severe soft tissue damage
41
What does the rigid frame design limit?
flexion and extension
42
Where does the rigid frame design extend?
Extends Inferior into the Thoracic Region for greater control of all cervical levels
43
Chelsea rigid frame design used for:
stable fractures and Severe soft tissue damage. MotionC1-T1 Spinal Immobilization
44
What does the Chelsea rigid frame design limit?
Limits All Cervical Management Limit Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Side bending
45
Where does the Chelsea extend?
Extends Inferior into the Thoracic Region for greater control of all cervical levels
46
What is a Halo used for
Commonly used in unstable fractures
47
What does a Halo limit?
all motion
48
Where does a Halo extend?
Extends Inferior into the Thoracic Region for greater control of all cervical levels Screws Directly into the skull
49
AIS=Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis | 0-30 degrees:
Treated with signs of progression
50
AIS=Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis | 30-45 degrees:
Orthotic Intervention
51
AIS=Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis | 45 degrees +
surgical intervention
52
CTLSO is used to treat what?
Traditional Method of Scoliosis Treatment Rigid frame Design Not commonly prescribed except for curvatures in the higher levels of T-spine
53
Design of CTLSO
Uses three point pressure and kinesthetic reminder | Worn 23 hours / day
54
Boston Brace
Indicated for scoliosis measuring 25-35d and apex of T7
55
Who is a Boston Brace contraindicated in?
Curves >40d i.e. surgical candidates
56
Cheneau brace
Asymetrical Scoliosis Brace
57
TLSO function:
Increases Intra-abdominal pressure | Limits ROM
58
What is a TLSO commonly used for?
``` Commonly used for Herniated Nucleus Pulposus, and moderate soft tissue strains and sprains and fractures osteoporosis, trauma Degenerative, stabile thoracic or lumbar fractures, spondylolisthesis, Stenosis, disc pathologies ```
59
Who is contraindicated for a TLSO?
unstable fractures posterior element spinal fractures, burst fractures ½ inch below sternal notch and ½ inch above pubic symphysis
60
Additional indictions of TLSO:
Anterior Compression Fractures of the vertebral body | Mild compression fracutres of T & L spine
61
What does a TLSO limit?
flexion
62
What is a LSO commonly used for?
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus, and other mild to moderate soft tissue strains and sprains. Single-column compression fractures with 1/3 or less anterior height loss Can be used preventatively
63
Additional TLSO support:
Vasomotor and Respiratory support for SCI patients
64
Anterior column
made up of the anterior longitudinal ligament and the anterior one-half of the vertebral body, disc, and annulus.
65
Middle column
made up of the posterior one-half of the vertebral body, disc, and annulus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament
66
Posterior column
made up of the facet joints, ligamentum flavum, the posterior elements and the interconnecting ligaments
67
Boston Overlap Orthosis
Semi-Rigid Design (various rigidity options) Increases Intra-abdominal pressure Limits ROM
68
Boston Overlap orthosis commonly used for:
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus, and moderate soft tissue strains and sprains
69
Lumbosacral Orthosis (LSO)
Restricts trunk extension and lateral motion Increases Intra-abdominal pressure Should be positioned from T9 or distal to inferior angle of the scapulae
70
LSO commonly used for:
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus, spondylolisthesis, mechanical low back pain, and other mild to moderate soft tissue strains and sprains, S/P lumbar laminectomy, fusions, or discectomie
71
LSO contraindicated for:
unstable fractures or upper lumbar thoracic conditions

Orthodics (16 decks)

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