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Orthodics > Upper Extremity and Spinal > Flashcards

Upper Extremity and Spinal Flashcards

1
Q

EWHO

A

elbow wrist hand orthosis

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2
Q

Opponens Orthosis/Spica Splint

A

Maintain, assist or provide opposition by stabilizing the thumb in a functional position

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3
Q

What is a thumb spica indicated for?

A

Scaphoid Fractures, thumb phalanx fractures or dislocations

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4
Q

Most common uses of thumb spica?

A

Gamekeepers thumb or skiers thumb

DeQuiervans tenosynovitis

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5
Q

Fitting of thumb spica:

A

Extends from DIP joint of thumb incorporates the thumb and extends up 2/3 of the proximal lateral forearm

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6
Q

Ulnar gutter splint indications:

A

phalangeal and metacarpal fractures

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7
Q

Most common uses of ulnar gutter splint:

A

most common-Boxer fracture

5th MCP and soft tissue injury to little and ring finger

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8
Q

Radial gutter splint indications:

A

fractures, phalangeal and metacarpal and soft tissue injury of the index and middle fingers

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9
Q

What is a wrist hand orthosis (WHO) commonly referred to as?

A

resting hand splint

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10
Q

What is a WHO used for:

A

Commonly used to prevent contractures

Maintains neutral/static wrist, hand, and finger

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11
Q

Cock-up splint uses:

A

Commonly used in cases of carpal tunnel syndrome

Maintains wrist in slight extension

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12
Q

Tenodesis orthosis

A

Commonly used in cases of cervical spinal cord injury that result in paralysis of prehension

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13
Q

What does a tenodesis orthosis do?

A

Creates approximation of the 2nd and 3rd digits and the thumb with active extension of the wrist

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14
Q

How long does extensor tendon repairs take?

A

12 weeks in some degree of splinting. 4-6 months for full recovery

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15
Q

How long are flexor tendons immobilized?

A

6-8 weeks

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16
Q

What are patients placed in following extensor tendon repair?

A

static volar splint

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17
Q

Setting of static volar splint:

A

wrist in 30d of ext, the MCP joints in 0-15d flexion, and IP joints in full extension

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18
Q

What are patients placed in following flexor tendon repair?

A

dorsal protective splint

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19
Q

Setting of dorsal protective splint:

A

30-40d wrist flexion, 50-70d MCP flexion, and the IP joints are allowed full extension

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20
Q

Mallet Finger: extensor tendon DIP; DIP joint:

A

DIP joint should be splinted with stack splint in a neutral or slight hyperextension position for six weeks

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21
Q

Mallet Finger: extensor tendon DIP; PIP joint:

A

the PIP joint should remain mobile

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22
Q

Exam of Central slip extensor tendon injury (may cause boutonniere deformity over time)

A

tender at dorsal aspect of PIP joint (middle phalanx)

inability to actively extend the PIP joint

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23
Q

Treatment of Central slip extensor tendon injury (may cause boutonniere deformity over time)

A

splint PIP joint in full extension for 6 weeks

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24
Q

Exam of collateral ligament injury (usually at the PIP joint)

A

maximal tenderness at involved collateral ligament

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25
Q

Treatment of collateral ligament injury (usually at the PIP joint)

A

stable joint: buddy tape for 2-4 weeks. Do not leave 5th digit exposed if ring finger is taped

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26
Q

Exam of extensor tendon injury at DIP joint

A

tender at dorsal aspect of the DIP joint

no active extension of DIP joint

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27
Q

Treatment of extensor tendon injury at DIP joint

A

Splint the DIP joint continuously for 6 weeks

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28
Q

Exam of FDP tendon injury

A

tender at volar aspect of the DIP joint

inability to flex the DIP joint

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29
Q

Treatment of FDP tendon injury:

A

splint finger and refer to orthopedic or hand surgeon

30
Q

Exam of volar plate injury (usually at PIP joint)

A

maximal tenderness at volar aspect of involved joint

31
Q

Treatment of volar plate injury (usually at PIP joint)

A

splint at 30 degrees of flexion and progressively increase extension for 2-4 weeks
Buddy tape at the joint if injury is less severe

32
Q

Jersey Finger:

A

Flexor Digitorum Profudus tendon forced extension of the DIP joint during active flexion

33
Q

How is the volar plate injured?

A

hyperextension of finger joint, dorsal dislocation

34
Q

What is ususally affected in volar plate injury?

A

PIP joint
collateral ligament damage
extensor tendon can be pulled into hyperextension

35
Q

Shoulder abduction orthosis:

A

Sometimes referred to as an “airplane splint”

Maintains abduction at the glenohumeral joint

36
Q

CTLSO:

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbosacral orthosis

37
Q

Cervical Orthosis (CO)

A

Soft Cervical Collar
Commonly used for mild soft tissue strains and sprains
Kinesthetic reminder to limit motion

38
Q

Types of Cervical Orthosis

A 
Semi-Rigid Cervical Orthosis
Can provide access to the trachea
 Moderate Control of ROM
 Kinesthetic Reminder
 Adjustable
 OTS
39
Q

Miami J Thoracic extension brace used for:

A 
Lower C-Spine disruptions
Level one instabilities
Isolated compartment fracture
Lateral mass fracture
Spinous Process fracture
Upper C-Spine disruptions
For increased stability over the collar alone
Stable Jefferson or Hangmans Fracture
Type I Odontoid Fracture
40
Q

What is the rigid frame design used for?

A

Commonly used in stable fractures and Moderate to Severe soft tissue damage

41
Q

What does the rigid frame design limit?

A

flexion and extension

42
Q

Where does the rigid frame design extend?

A

Extends Inferior into the Thoracic Region for greater control of all cervical levels

43
Q

Chelsea rigid frame design used for:

A

stable fractures and Severe soft tissue damage. MotionC1-T1 Spinal Immobilization

44
Q

What does the Chelsea rigid frame design limit?

A

Limits All Cervical Management Limit Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Side bending

45
Q

Where does the Chelsea extend?

A

Extends Inferior into the Thoracic Region for greater control of all cervical levels

46
Q

What is a Halo used for

A

Commonly used in unstable fractures

47
Q

What does a Halo limit?

A

all motion

48
Q

Where does a Halo extend?

A

Extends Inferior into the Thoracic Region for greater control of all cervical levels
Screws Directly into the skull

49
Q

AIS=Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

0-30 degrees:

A

Treated with signs of progression

50
Q

AIS=Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

30-45 degrees:

A

Orthotic Intervention

51
Q

AIS=Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

45 degrees +

A

surgical intervention

52
Q

CTLSO is used to treat what?

A

Traditional Method of Scoliosis Treatment
Rigid frame Design
Not commonly prescribed except for curvatures in the higher levels of T-spine

53
Q

Design of CTLSO

A

Uses three point pressure and kinesthetic reminder

Worn 23 hours / day

54
Q

Boston Brace

A

Indicated for scoliosis measuring 25-35d and apex of T7

55
Q

Who is a Boston Brace contraindicated in?

A

Curves >40d i.e. surgical candidates

56
Q

Cheneau brace

A

Asymetrical Scoliosis Brace

57
Q

TLSO function:

A

Increases Intra-abdominal pressure

Limits ROM

58
Q

What is a TLSO commonly used for?

A 
Commonly used for Herniated 
Nucleus Pulposus, and moderate 
soft tissue strains and sprains and 
fractures 
 osteoporosis, trauma Degenerative, stabile thoracic or lumbar fractures, spondylolisthesis, Stenosis, disc pathologies
59
Q

Who is contraindicated for a TLSO?

A

unstable fractures
posterior element spinal fractures, burst fractures
½ inch below sternal notch and ½ inch above pubic symphysis

60
Q

Additional indictions of TLSO:

A

Anterior Compression Fractures of the vertebral body

Mild compression fracutres of T & L spine

61
Q

What does a TLSO limit?

A

flexion

62
Q

What is a LSO commonly used for?

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus, and other mild to moderate soft tissue strains and sprains. Single-column compression fractures with 1/3 or less anterior height loss
Can be used preventatively

63
Q

Additional TLSO support:

A

Vasomotor and Respiratory support for SCI patients

64
Q

Anterior column

A

made up of the anterior longitudinal ligament and the anterior one-half of the vertebral body, disc, and annulus.

65
Q

Middle column

A

made up of the posterior one-half of the vertebral body, disc, and annulus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

66
Q

Posterior column

A

made up of the facet joints, ligamentum flavum, the posterior elements and the interconnecting ligaments

67
Q

Boston Overlap Orthosis

A

Semi-Rigid Design (various rigidity options)
Increases Intra-abdominal pressure
Limits ROM

68
Q

Boston Overlap orthosis commonly used for:

A

Herniated Nucleus
Pulposus, and moderate soft tissue strains
and sprains

69
Q

Lumbosacral Orthosis (LSO)

A

Restricts trunk extension and lateral motion
Increases Intra-abdominal pressure
Should be positioned from T9 or distal to inferior angle of the scapulae

70
Q

LSO commonly used for:

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus, spondylolisthesis, mechanical low back pain, and other mild to moderate soft tissue strains and sprains, S/P lumbar laminectomy, fusions, or discectomie

71
Q

LSO contraindicated for:

A

unstable fractures or upper lumbar thoracic conditions

Orthodics (16 decks)

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