Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthodics > Foot, Shoes, and Orthotic Interventions > Flashcards

Foot, Shoes, and Orthotic Interventions Flashcards

1
Q

Initial Contact

A

Eccentric anterior tib/long toe extensors, concentric quad, eccentric hamstrings, glut maximus eccentric activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What controls decent of the foot during loading response?

A

pretibial regulates ankle PF, Quads regulated knee flexion eccentrically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What prevents hip flexion?

A

Gluts, hamstring and adductor magnus prevent hip flexion via eccentric actions. Highest ground force reactions seen at this stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What controls tibial advancement during mid stance?

A

Eccentric soleus and gastroc (lesser degree)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What decreases late midstance?

A

Glut max decreases in late mid stance due to vertical alignment of pelvis over the femur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is in highest demand during terminal stance?

A

body weight vector approaches MTP’s, Highest demands on the triceps surae (eccentrically) due to large dorsiflexion moment at ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Foot clearance during initial swing:

A

Concentric pretibial muscle activity for foot clearance. Short head of biceps femoris flexes knee concentrically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What assists with hip and knee flexion during initial swing?

A

iliacus advances hip to 20 d of flexio. Gacilis and Sartorius assist hip and knee flexion concentrically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Disorders of the Hindfoot

A 
Achillies Tendinosis
Sever’s Disease
Retrocalcaneal Bursitis
Peroneal Tendinosis
Ankle OA/Subtalar Joint arthritis
Ankle Impingement
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tendinosis

A

mucoid degeneration of Achilles Tendon
degenerationwithdepositofmyelinandlecithininthecells.
Active DF and PF is painful +/-­‐ painful arc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Paratendinopathy

A

inflammation of the paratendon (membrane that surrounds the tendon or fascial plate (insertional point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Achilles Tendinopathy

A

Graston Technique modified
Eccentrics
Stretch – multidirectional
ICE with Stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Exerises for mid portion achilles tendinopathy:

A

Responds to eccentrics with ankle in plantarflexion and dropping into extreme dorsiflexion – three sets of 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do insertional achilles tendinopathy need to avoid?

A

extreme DF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Severe’s Disease

A

a traction apophysitis to the insertion of the Achilles tendon
boys 7-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cause of severe’s disease”

A

shear stresses applied to the unossified apophysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Whee is pain with Severe’s Disease?

A

Pain in posterior heel that is worse With activity and weight bearing
Pain on squeezing posterior calcaneus near growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment and Orthotics for Sever’s Disease

A 
Heel Cups
Heel Lifts
Orthoses with Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) and medial Posting
Taping
Rest
Stretching Achilles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Retrocalcaneal Bursitis

A 
Describe by location of pain and swelling
May exist as a constellation of symptoms
May exist with Achilles tendinopathy
Often associated with Haglund’s
Radiographs help with location
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Assessment of Retrocalcanel Bursitis

A

Passive dorsiflexion may be painful
Two finger pinch test anterior to achilles
MRI and Ultrasound form gold standard to determine soft tissue swelling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Haglund’s Deformity

A

Presents as a constellation of symptoms
Painful soft tissue swelling at Achilles tendon
Describes as an enlarged area of Post lateral calcaneus
bony deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Haglund’s Syndrome

A

includes pathology of Achilles tendon and the Achilles bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Posterior Impingement of Ankle

A

Caused by overuse or trauma
Dancers have overuse
Trauma cause forced pf with running/soccer Plantar flexed and then impact. Os trigonum (accessory bone in the ankle) will cause pain.
Bony spurs
Slightly displaced os Trigonum (Accessory Talus), hypertrophy of post talus or loose body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Assessment of Posterior Impingement of Ankle

A

Complaints of pain in posterior lateral ankle
Pain increased with passive plantarflexion
Pain increased with repeat active plantarflexion
Posterior lateral pain on palpation
Morning stiffness
These people are on their toes a lot. Mobilizing the patient into plantar flexion is always painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Physical Therapy for Posterior Impingement

A 
Treat hypomobility at Talocrural joint
Talocrural mobilization-­ distraction
Talocrural manipulation-­‐ distraction
Talar glides posterior – for df
Mulligans mobs with movement for df
Maitland physiological mobs – subtalar,TC
Active stretching of the ankle
Active movements of the anterior compartment in conjunction with stretch of the posterior compartment: Shuffle Gait/moon walk gait exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When is preoneus longus active during gait?

A

Active through midstance to late stance
Decelerates speed and amount of supination at STJ
Helps the midfoot and forefoot relatively pronates

27
Q

Disorders of the Midfoot

A

Arthritis of the Midfoot and Lisfranc
Plantar Fasciitis
Cuboid Syndrome
PTTD

28
Q

What is Lisfrance associate with?

A

rheumatology

Rheumatoid or Osteoarthritis

29
Q

Lisfrance injury:

A

Associated with Sporting Injury or axial load
May occur with foot structure and indirect injury
Pronation and abduction or dorsiflexion with abduction elicits pain

30
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Pain with first step in the am or after a period of inactivity
Relieved by activity until stress increase
Pain on palpation at medial calcaneal tubercle
Pain usually unilateral
No burning or numbness

31
Q

Baxter’s Nerve Entrapment

A

Pain not as bad with first step but worsens as day progresses
burning or numbness present
Thought to be about 20% heel pain
Present in athletes
Pain may be present at rest
Abductor digiti minimi muscle weakness can be present

32
Q

Facial attachment of plantar fascia?

A

Abductor Hallucis and Abductor Minimi

Plantar Fascia communicates with paratendon of Achilles Tendon at periosteum

33
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Related to foot type
Tarsal tunnel: canal formed between medial malleolus and flexor retinaculum
Shooting pain in the foot, with numbness, tingling or burning

34
Q

Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome:

A

Medial Calcaneal Nerve (branch of tibial nerve)

Nerve to Abductor Digiti Minimus

35
Q

What foot deformities is tarsal tunnel syndrome associated with?

A

Association with pronation, mechanical stretch with arthritis, Ligamentous injury, trauma and obesity

36
Q

Tarsal Tunnel vs Plantar Fascitis

A

Tarsal Tunnel pain without weight bearing
Pain at night-­‐ pain described as burning
No pain on palpation of plantar fascia
Pain on triple compression test with plantarflexion and eversion and compression of Tibial nerve.
Toe abductors and intrinsic muscles of feet weak with advanced cases

37
Q

Physical Therapy Treatment for TTS

A

Stretching of calf
Tibial nerve mobilization
Treatment of subtalar and midtarsal and hallux
Strengthening post Tib and peroneus longus

38
Q

Where is pain felt with fat pad syndrome?

A

Pain is felt in the center of heel or perimeter
Pain is felt with deep palpation or squeezing
Pain is worse with weight bearing

39
Q

Tarsal Coalition

A 
A union between two or more tarsal bones
May be osseous or ligamentous
Can exist with or without pes planovalgus
Really flat feet
Ridged foot
40
Q

Causes of cuboid syndrome:

A

forceful eversion of the cuboid while the calcaneus is inverted, with resultant disruption of CC joint congruity
Associated with Sprain commonly in sports

41
Q

Pain with cuboid syndrome:

A

Antalgic
Weakness with resistance of eversion
Pain on palpation of cuboid
Pain on movement into supination or adduction

42
Q

Who often has cuboid syndrome?

A

Ballet due to repeative jumps with pronation

43
Q

Cuboid Syndrome Assessment

A

History of pain and overuse into plantar flexion and inversion
Pain with weight bearing, jumping and running
Special tests-­‐ squeezing the midtarsal joint with superior to inferior pressure
Forced abduction and pronation of the midfoot

44
Q

Functional movements with cuboid syndrome:

A

Antalgic gait during push off
Antalgic gait during side to side motion
Hopping increases symptoms
Rest decreases symptoms

45
Q

Contraindications to Cuboid Whip

A 
Bone Disease
Gout
Acute injury with bruising and swelling
Neural injury
Vascular injury And most importantly -­‐
Neoplastic Disease
46
Q

Disorders of the Forefoot

A 
Bunions (HAV)
Hallux Limitus and Rigidus
SesamoidiEs
Metatarsalgia
Turf Toe in sports
47
Q

Bunions

A

Hallux Abducto Valgus is associated with change in the Abductor Hallucis thickness
Significant differences in Dorsal Plantar (DP)

48
Q

Exercise for Bunions

A

Muscle Activity for Abductor Hallucis with short foot and toe spread
TSO (Toe Spread Out)has a greater activation
Both exercises should be incorporated into program

49
Q

MOI for turf toe:

A

Foot loaded axially with fixed equinus and toe extension

heel is always elevated

50
Q

Turf Toe Evaluation

A 
Pain distal to sesamoids
Evaluate dorsoplantar drawer test
Active flexion and extension
Resisted flexion and extension for  disruption of FHL or FHB
Test migration of sesamoids
51
Q

Morton’s extension

A

A rigidMorton’s extensionis essentially a continuation of the polypropylene or graphite shell of the orthosis beyond the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ), extending to the tip of the toe.

52
Q

Grade I turf toe:

A

attenuation of plantar structures
localized swelling
minimial ecchymosis

53
Q

Treatment of Grade I turf toe

A

symptomatic

return to play as tolerated

54
Q

Grade II turf toe

A

partial tear of plantar structures
moderate swelling
restricted motion due to pain

55
Q

Treatment of Grade II turf toe

A

walking boot
crutches prn
return to play: up to 2 weeks may need taping upon return

56
Q

Grade III turf toe

A

complete disruption of plantar structures
significant swelling/ecchymosis
hallux flexion weakness
frank instability of hallux MTP

57
Q

Treatment of Grade III turf toe

A

long term immobilization or surgery

10-16 weeks return to play

58
Q

Hallux limitus ROM:

A

< 45 in open chain

59
Q

Hallux rigidus ROM:

A

<10 degrees

60
Q

Normal ROM first MTP:

A

45-65

61
Q

Orthosis for Hallux Rigidus

A

Unload the 1st ray with cut out
Reverse Morton’s extension
Kinetic Wedge

62
Q

Placement of metatarsal bars?

A

start with them 1/16 of a inch proximally. The patient may not feel relief for a week so educate your patients about the need to continue to wear the pad or bar

63
Q

Tailors Bunion or Bunionette

A

Exostosis or inflammation of the 5th metatarsal base

Orthodics (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions