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Orthodics > Midterm/Practical > Flashcards

Midterm/Practical Flashcards

1
Q

Prosthetic Causes of Medial Whip

A

ER rotation of knee
tight socket
mis-aligned toe break

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2
Q

Amputee causes of medial whip

A

gait habit
socket not put on properly
ER rotation of hip at toe off/hip flexion

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3
Q

Treatment for medial whip:

A 
Stretch ER (FAIDER, IT band)
Gait training to re-educate foot/ knee and placement during swing
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4
Q

Prosthetic causes of lateral whip

A

IR rotation of knee
loose socket
mis-aligned toe break

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5
Q

Amputee causes of lateral whip

A

gait habit
socket not put on properly
IR of hip at toe off/flexion

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6
Q

Treatment for lateral whip

A

stretch internal rotators: piriformis stretch

gait retaining

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7
Q

Prosthetic causes of abducted gait

A

prosthesis too long
medial wall too high
insufficient femoral stability
induces medial whip

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8
Q

Amputee causes of abducted gait

A

abduction contracture
poor gait habit, patient insecure and desires wide base in belief it will increase stability
pelvic instability

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9
Q

Treatment of abducted gait

A

seated/standing abductor stretch
gait re-training focusing on BOS in p-bars for patient stability
strengthening of abductors (clams, donkey kicks, fire hydrants)

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10
Q

Prosthetic causes of circumducted gait

A

long prosthesis
excessive knee friction
excessive knee stability

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11
Q

Amputee causes of circumducted gait

A

lack of cofidence in flexing knee
abduction contracture
weak hip flexors
habit

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12
Q

Treatment of circumducted gait

A

stretch abductors
strengthen hip flexors (SLR, standing knee flexion and holding)
practice knee flexion in P-bars/gait re-training

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13
Q

Prosthetic causes of vaulting

A

long prosthetic
poor suspension
excessive plantarflexion of foot
excessive knee resistance or stability

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14
Q

Amputee cause of vaulting

A

gait habit, fear of catching toe
weak hip flexors on residual limb
improper initiation of hip flexors on residual limb

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15
Q

Treatment of vaulting

A

strengthen hip flexors of residual limb (SLR, standing knee flexion and hold)
foot ROM: stretch plantarflexors and strengthen dorsiflexors: resisted ROM

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16
Q

Prosthetic causes of heel rise

A

inadequate extension aid
insufficient knee friction
improper knee selection

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17
Q

Amputee cause of heel rise

A

excessive use of hip flexors to initiate swing phase, overpowering knee unit

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18
Q

Treatment of heel rise

A

stretch hip flexors (thomas stretch, standing quad stretch)

strengthen hip extensors (leg 3 way)

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19
Q

Prosthetic cause of knee instability

A

excessive dorsiflexion
knee aligned in unstable position
insufficient socket flexion
mal-alignment of foot

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20
Q

Amputee causes of knee instability

A

weak hip extensors

hip flexion contracture

21
Q

Treatment of knee instability

A

strengthen hip extensors (leg 3 way, clams)

stretch hip flexors (thomas stretch, standing quad stretch)

22
Q

Prosthetic causes of unequal step length

A

less time of prosthesis

23
Q

Amputee causes of unequal step length

A

excessive lumbar lordosis

24
Q

Treatment of unequal step length

A

pelvic tilt
gait training
strengthen hip extensors/abs

25
Q

Prosthetic causes of foot slap

A

soft plantarflexion bumper

insufficient plantarflexion resistance in prosthetic foot

26
Q

Prosthetic causes of hyperextension of knee

A

Heel cushion too soft; keel or toe lever arm that is too long or too firm

27
Q

Amputee causes of foot slap

A

fear of instability in early stance and wearer forcefully drives heels into ground to ensure knee extension

28
Q

Treatment for foot slap

A

gait retaining to trust prosthetic in P bars

29
Q

Amputee causes of hyperextension of knee

A

laxity of posterior capsule of knee or hamstring tendon

30
Q

Treatment of hyperextension of knee

A

strengthening of posterior capsule/hamstring
hamstring curls
russian hamstring curls

31
Q

Prosthetic causes of excessive external rotation of foot

A

keel is too hard/firm

shoe too tight for prosthetic foot

32
Q

Amputee causes of excessive external rotation of foot

A

weakness of hip muscles

fear of knee instability

33
Q

Treatment of excessive external rotation of foot

A

strength hip muscles: clams, leg 3-way

gait training for knee instability

34
Q

Prosthetic causes of excessive varus

A

Too much inset of prosthetic foot relative to socket
M-L dimension is excessive
Toe out

35
Q

Amputee causes of excessive varus

A

hypermobile lateral/collateral ligaments

36
Q

Treatment for excessive varus

A

quad set
short arc quads
SLR

37
Q

Prosthetic causes of excessive valgus

A

Insufficient lateral displacement of foot (laterally) relative to socket
inversion of foot

38
Q

Amputee causes of excessive valgus

A

hypermobile lateral/collateral ligaments

39
Q

Treatment of excessive valgus

A

quad set
short arc quads
SLR

40
Q

Prosthetic causes of drop off

A

Keel or toe lever is too soft or too short

Shoe heel height too high

41
Q

Prosthetic causes of excessive abduction/adduction

A

Walking on lateral side of foot; socket in excessive abduction relative to limb
Walking on medial side of foot, socket maybe in excessive adduction

42
Q

Prosthetic causes of heel compression

A

heel too soft

43
Q

Prosthetic causes of hip hiking/pelvic elevation

A

prosthetic too long

knee with insufficient friction

44
Q

Amputee causes of hip hiking

A

weak glute medius

45
Q

Treatment for hip hiking

A

stengthen glut med: hip 3 way

step ups on weak side

46
Q

Prosthetic causes of lateral trunk bending

A

insufficient length of prosthesis

medial wall excessively high

47
Q

Amputee causes of lateral trunk bending

A

weak hip abductors

48
Q

Treatment of lateral trunk bending

A

strengthen hip abductors

clams, monster walking

Orthodics (16 decks)

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