Midterm/Practical

Question 1

Prosthetic Causes of Medial Whip

Answer 1

ER rotation of knee
tight socket
mis-aligned toe break

Question 2

Amputee causes of medial whip

Answer 2

gait habit
socket not put on properly
ER rotation of hip at toe off/hip flexion

Question 3

Treatment for medial whip:

Answer 3

Stretch ER (FAIDER, IT band)
Gait training to re-educate foot/ knee and placement during swing

Question 4

Prosthetic causes of lateral whip

Answer 4

IR rotation of knee
loose socket
mis-aligned toe break

Question 5

Amputee causes of lateral whip

Answer 5

gait habit
socket not put on properly
IR of hip at toe off/flexion

Question 6

Treatment for lateral whip

Answer 6

stretch internal rotators: piriformis stretch

gait retaining

Question 7

Prosthetic causes of abducted gait

Answer 7

prosthesis too long
medial wall too high
insufficient femoral stability
induces medial whip

Question 8

Amputee causes of abducted gait

Answer 8

abduction contracture
poor gait habit, patient insecure and desires wide base in belief it will increase stability
pelvic instability

Question 9

Treatment of abducted gait

Answer 9

seated/standing abductor stretch
gait re-training focusing on BOS in p-bars for patient stability
strengthening of abductors (clams, donkey kicks, fire hydrants)

Question 10

Prosthetic causes of circumducted gait

Answer 10

long prosthesis
excessive knee friction
excessive knee stability

Question 11

Amputee causes of circumducted gait

Answer 11

lack of cofidence in flexing knee
abduction contracture
weak hip flexors
habit

Question 12

Treatment of circumducted gait

Answer 12

stretch abductors
strengthen hip flexors (SLR, standing knee flexion and holding)
practice knee flexion in P-bars/gait re-training

Question 13

Prosthetic causes of vaulting

Answer 13

long prosthetic
poor suspension
excessive plantarflexion of foot
excessive knee resistance or stability

Question 14

Amputee cause of vaulting

Answer 14

gait habit, fear of catching toe
weak hip flexors on residual limb
improper initiation of hip flexors on residual limb

Question 15

Treatment of vaulting

Answer 15

strengthen hip flexors of residual limb (SLR, standing knee flexion and hold)
foot ROM: stretch plantarflexors and strengthen dorsiflexors: resisted ROM

Question 16

Prosthetic causes of heel rise

Answer 16

inadequate extension aid
insufficient knee friction
improper knee selection

Question 17

Amputee cause of heel rise

Answer 17

excessive use of hip flexors to initiate swing phase, overpowering knee unit

Question 18

Treatment of heel rise

Answer 18

stretch hip flexors (thomas stretch, standing quad stretch)

strengthen hip extensors (leg 3 way)

Question 19

Prosthetic cause of knee instability

Answer 19

excessive dorsiflexion
knee aligned in unstable position
insufficient socket flexion
mal-alignment of foot

Question 20

Amputee causes of knee instability

Answer 20

weak hip extensors

hip flexion contracture

Question 21

Treatment of knee instability

Answer 21

strengthen hip extensors (leg 3 way, clams)

stretch hip flexors (thomas stretch, standing quad stretch)

Question 22

Prosthetic causes of unequal step length

Answer 22

less time of prosthesis

Question 23

Amputee causes of unequal step length

Answer 23

excessive lumbar lordosis

Question 24

Treatment of unequal step length

Answer 24

pelvic tilt
gait training
strengthen hip extensors/abs

Question 25

Prosthetic causes of foot slap

Answer 25

soft plantarflexion bumper | insufficient plantarflexion resistance in prosthetic foot

Question 26

Prosthetic causes of hyperextension of knee

Answer 26

Heel cushion too soft; keel or toe lever arm that is too long or too firm

Question 27

Amputee causes of foot slap

Answer 27

fear of instability in early stance and wearer forcefully drives heels into ground to ensure knee extension

Question 28

Treatment for foot slap

Answer 28

gait retaining to trust prosthetic in P bars

Question 29

Amputee causes of hyperextension of knee

Answer 29

laxity of posterior capsule of knee or hamstring tendon

Question 30

Treatment of hyperextension of knee

Answer 30

strengthening of posterior capsule/hamstring hamstring curls russian hamstring curls

Question 31

Prosthetic causes of excessive external rotation of foot

Answer 31

keel is too hard/firm | shoe too tight for prosthetic foot

Question 32

Amputee causes of excessive external rotation of foot

Answer 32

weakness of hip muscles | fear of knee instability

Question 33

Treatment of excessive external rotation of foot

Answer 33

strength hip muscles: clams, leg 3-way | gait training for knee instability

Question 34

Prosthetic causes of excessive varus

Answer 34

Too much inset of prosthetic foot relative to socket M-L dimension is excessive Toe out

Question 35

Amputee causes of excessive varus

Answer 35

hypermobile lateral/collateral ligaments

Question 36

Treatment for excessive varus

Answer 36

quad set short arc quads SLR

Question 37

Prosthetic causes of excessive valgus

Answer 37

Insufficient lateral displacement of foot (laterally) relative to socket inversion of foot

Question 38

Amputee causes of excessive valgus

Answer 38

hypermobile lateral/collateral ligaments

Question 39

Treatment of excessive valgus

Answer 39

quad set short arc quads SLR

Question 40

Prosthetic causes of drop off

Answer 40

Keel or toe lever is too soft or too short | Shoe heel height too high

Question 41

Prosthetic causes of excessive abduction/adduction

Answer 41

Walking on lateral side of foot; socket in excessive abduction relative to limb Walking on medial side of foot, socket maybe in excessive adduction

Question 42

Prosthetic causes of heel compression

Answer 42

heel too soft

Question 43

Prosthetic causes of hip hiking/pelvic elevation

Answer 43

prosthetic too long | knee with insufficient friction

Question 44

Amputee causes of hip hiking

Answer 44

weak glute medius

Question 45

Treatment for hip hiking

Answer 45

stengthen glut med: hip 3 way | step ups on weak side

Question 46

Prosthetic causes of lateral trunk bending

Answer 46

insufficient length of prosthesis | medial wall excessively high

Question 47

Amputee causes of lateral trunk bending

Answer 47

weak hip abductors

Question 48

Treatment of lateral trunk bending

Answer 48

strengthen hip abductors | clams, monster walking