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Fundamentals of Imaging > Upper extremity > Flashcards

Upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common elbow pediatric injury?

A

Supracondylar distal humeral fracture

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2
Q

What are the 3 radiographic features of a Supracondylar distal humeral fracture?

A

Anterior fat pad (sail sign)
Posterior fat pad
failure of anterior humeral line to intersect middle 1/3 of capitulum

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3
Q

What is positive when an elevated anterior lucency or a visible posterior lucency on a true lateral radiograph of an elbow flexed at 90-degrees?

A

anterior fat pad sign (sail sign)

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4
Q

What is a common throwing athlete injury in kids and is sometimes called “Little Leaguer elbow?”

A

Epicondylar fracture

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5
Q

What is the most common site for an epicondylar fracture?

A

Medial epicondyle avulsion

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6
Q

What is the best way to remember age-related ossification centers in the pediatric elbow?

A

CRITOE

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7
Q

What is CRITOE?

A 
Capitulum
Radius
Internal epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External epicondyle
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8
Q

What are the years in relation to CRITOE formation?

A

1-3-5-7-9-11-years

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9
Q

What is often associated with fracture of the coronoid process of the ulna?

A

posterior elbow dislocation

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10
Q

What is the most common elbow fracture in adults?

A

Radial head fracture

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11
Q

What classification system is used to describe the fracture of the radial head?

A

Mason-Johnson classification

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12
Q

What type of Mason-Johnson classification is non-displaced radial head?

A

Type 1

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13
Q

What type of Mason-Johnson classification is partial articular fractures with >2mm of displacement?

A

Type 2

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14
Q

What type of Mason-Johnson classification is comminuted fracture of entire radial head?

A

Type 3

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15
Q

What type of Mason-Johnson classification is fracture of radial head with dislocation of elbow joint?

A

Type 4

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16
Q

What is the fracture called when there is a fracture of the ulnar shaft and dislocation of the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Monteggia fracture-dislocations

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17
Q

What is the fracture called when there is a fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint with intact ulna?

A

Galeazzi fracture-dislocation

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18
Q

What is a fracture due to a ward off an overhead blow from an assailant that typically effect the ulna?

A

Nightstick fracture

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19
Q

What is a pediatric injury of a pulled elbow?

A

Nursemaid’s elbow

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20
Q

What is a fracture of the distal radial metaphysis with dorsal angulation and impaction due to FOOSH of extended wrist?

A

Colles fractures

21
Q

How often is there an ulnar styloid fracture associated with a Colles fracture?

A

50%

22
Q

What is also known as reverse Colles fracture, is associated with <3% of distal radial fractures, and is due to FOOSH of a flexed wrist?

A

Smith fracture

23
Q

What is a distal radius fracture similar to a Colles fracture but with intra-articular extension and is the DORSAL type?

A

Barton fracture

24
Q

What is a distal radius fracture similar to a Colles fracture but with intra-articular extension but is the VOLAR type?

A

reverse Barton fracture

25
Q

What fracture is an intra-articular fracture of the radial styloid due to a wrist blow with forced abduction and radial deviation of the wrist, hence the name?

A

Chauffeur Fracture

26
Q

What is the most common fractured carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

27
Q

What is the key radiographic view for a scaphoid fracture?

A

Navicular view (PA ulnar deviation)

28
Q

Where does the fracture on the scaphoid have to be in order to have the highest risk of AVN?

A

Waist of scaphoid

29
Q

Where does the fracture on the scaphoid have to be in order to have the highest risk of non-union?

A

Proximal pole

30
Q

What is the name for a scapholunate dissociation?

A

Terry Thomas sign

31
Q

How long does the distance have to be in order to be called a Terry Thomas sign?

A

> 3mm

32
Q

What is the key radiographic feature of a scapholunate dissociation?

A

signet ring sign due to rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid

33
Q

What is a normal scapholunate angle?

A

30-60 degrees

34
Q

How is the lunate tiled and what is the scapholunate angle in a VISI SLAC wrist?

A

Lunate tilted >15 degrees volarly

Scapholunate angle <30 degrees

35
Q

How is the lunate tiled and what is the scapholunate angle in a DISI SLAC wrist?

A

Lunated tilted >10 degrees dorsally

Scapholunate angle >60 degrees

36
Q

What is the 2nd most common carpal bone fracture, after scaphoid?

A

Triquetral fracture

37
Q

What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone?

A

Lunate

38
Q

What is the most common mechanism associated with lunate dislocations?

A

FOOSH

39
Q

What is the sign called for lunate dislocation where the lunate overlaps the capitate?

A

Pie sign

40
Q

What is the radiographic evaluation of carpal fractures-dislocations

A

carpal arcs of Louis Gilula

41
Q

What results from forced abduction of thumb?

A

Bennett fracture-dislocation

42
Q

What is a comminuted Bennett, intra-articular fracture-dislocation of the base of thumb called?

A

Rolando fracture

43
Q

What is a result of an avulsion of the ulnar collateral ligament at the 1st MCPJ

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb

44
Q

What is characterized by interposed adductor pollicis muscle causing slippage/displacement of UC ligament
contact and repair?

A

Stener lesion

45
Q

What is the most common type of Metacarpal fracture that involves a fracture to the 4th and 5th metacarpals (5th more common)?

A

Boxer fracture

46
Q

What fracture is a result of a torn extensor mechanism at DIP?

A

Mallet fracture (baseball finger)

47
Q

What finger is most effected with a Mallet fracture?

A

Middle finger

48
Q

What is known as a sudden avulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon at the base of DIP?

A

Jersey finger (rugby finger)

49
Q

What finger is most effected with a Jersey finger?

A

4th digit

Fundamentals of Imaging (16 decks)

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