Upper Extremity Flashcards
What is the origin of Trapezius?
occipital bone, nuchal ligament, thoracic spinous processes
What is the insertion of Trapezius?
- Clavicle
- acromion
- spine of scapula
What is the innervation of Trapezius?
CN XI - Accessory
What are the actions of Trapezius?
Superior: elevation and upward rotation of scapula
Middle: retraction of scapula (adduction)
Inferior: depression and upward rotation of the scapula
What is the origin of Latissimus Dorsi?
- Thoracolumbar fascia
- Iliac crests
- Ribs
Latissimus Dorsi insertion
Anteromedial aspect of proximal humerus
What innervates Latissimus Dorsi?
Thoracodorsal (long scapular nerve)
C6, C7, C8
Latissimus Dorsi Actions?
Glenohumeral joint: Extension, adduction, medial rotation
Levator Scapulae: origin
cervical transverse processes (C1-C4)
Levator Scapulae: insertion
superior angle of scapula
Levator Scapulae: innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Levator Scapulae: actions
- Elevation of scapula
- Downward rotation of scapula
Rhomboid major: origin
- Nuchal ligament
- throacic spinous processes
Rhomboid major: insertion
medial border of scapula
Rhomboid major: innervation
dorsal scapular (C5)
Rhomboid major: action
- retraction of scapula
- downward rotation of scapula
- fixes scapula to body wall
Rhomboid minor: origin
- nuchal ligament
- thoracic spinous processes
Rhomboid minor: insertion
Medial border of scapula (superior to Rhomboid major)
Rhomboid minor: innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Rhomboid minor: action
- Retration of scapula
- Downward rotation of scapula
- Fixes scapula to the body wall
Splenius capitis: origin
- Nuchal ligament
- Thoracic spinous processes
Splenius capitis: insertion
- mastoid process
- occipital bone
Splenius capitis: innervation
dorsal rami
Splenius capitis: action
Bilateral: extend neck
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to ipsilateral side of neck
Splenius cervicis: origin
- nuchal ligament
- thoracic spinous processes
Splenius cervicis: insertion
- Mastoid process
- Cervical transverse processes
Splenius cervicis: innervation
dorsal rami
Splenius cervicis: action
Bilateral - extension of neck
Unilateral - lateral flexion, rotation to ipilateral side of neck
Iliocostalis:origin
- iliac crests
- Sacrum
- lumbar spinous processes
Iliocostalis: insertion
- Ribs
- Transverse processes
Iliocostalis: innervation
dorsal rami
Iliocostalis: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to ipsilateral side
Longissimus: origin
- iliac crest
- Sacrum
- lumbar spinous procesess
Longissimus: insertion
- Transverse processes
- mastoid process
Longissimus: innvervation
dorsal rami
Longissimus: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to ipsilateral side
Spinalis: origin
- iliac crest
- sacrum
- lumbar spinous process
Spinalis: insertion
- spinous processes
- occipital bone
Spinalis: innervation
dorsal rami
Spinalis: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to ipsilateral side
Semispinalis: origin
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Semispinalis: insertion
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Semispinalis: innervation
dorsal rami
Semispinalis: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to contralateral side
Multifidus: origin
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Multifidus: insertion
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Multifidus: innervation
Dorsal Rami
Multifidus: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to contralateral side
Rotatores: origin
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Rotatores: insertion
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Rotatores: innervation
Dorsal rami
Rotatores: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to contralateral side
Pectoralis major: origin
- clavicle
- sternum
- costal cartilages of superior ribs
Pectoralis major: insertion
anteromedial aspect of proximal humerus
Pectoralis major: innervation
- Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
- Lateral pectoral nerve (C5,C6, C7)
Pectoralis major: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- Adduction
- Flexion
- Medial rotation
Pectoralis minor: origin
ribs 3-5
Pectoralis minor: insertion
Coracoid process of scapula
Pectoralis minor: innvervation
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Pectoralis minor: action
Scapula:
- Protraction
- Depression
- stabilization
Serratus Anterior: origin
lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
Serratus Anterior: insertion
Anterior surface of scapula medial border
Serratus Anterior: innervation
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Serratus Anterior: action
Scapula:
- protraction
- Upward rotation
- Fixes scapula to thoracic wall
Deltoid: origin
- clavicle
- acromion
- spine of the scapula
Deltoid: insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid: innervation
axillary nerve (C5, C6)
Deltoid: action
anterior: flexion and medial rotation of Glenohumeral joint
middle: abduction of glenohumeral joint after 15 degrees
posterior: extension and lateral rotation of the glenohumeral joint
Teres major: origin
inferior angle of the scapula
Teres major: insertion
anteromedial aspect of proximal humerus
Teres major: innervation
Lower subscapular (C5, C6)
Teres major: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- medial rotation
- adduction
Teres minor: origin
lateral border of scapula
Teres minor: insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Teres minor: innervation
Axillary (C5, C6)
Teres minor: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- lateral rotation
- stabilize the glenohumeral joint
Supraspinatus: origin
supraspinous fossa of scapula
Supraspinatus: insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Supraspinatus: innervation
suprascapular (C5, C6)
Supraspinatus: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- abduction (initial 15 degrees)
- stabilize
Infraspinatus: origin
infraspinous fossa of scapula
Infraspinatus: insertion
Greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus: innervation
suprascapular (C5, C6)
Infraspinatus: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- lateral rotation
- stabilize
Subscapularis: origin
subscapular fossa of scapula
Subscapularis: insertion
lesser tubercle of humerus
Subscapularis: innervation
- Upper subscapular (C5, C6)
- Lower subscapular (C5, C6)
Subscapularis: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- medial rotation
- adduction
- stabilize
Coracobrachialis: origin
coracoid process
Coracobrachialis: insertion
midshaft of anterior humerus
Coracobrachialis: innervation
musculocutaneous (C5, C6, C7)
Coracobrachialis: action
Flex glenohumeral joint
Biceps brachii: origin
short head: coracoid process
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
Biceps brachii: insertion
- radial tuberosity
- fascia of forearm (bicipital aponerosis)
Biceps brachii: innervation
musculocutaneous (C5, C6, C7)
Biceps brachii: action
- Flex elbow when supinated
- Supinate forearm when elbow flexed
- Weakly flex glenohumeral joint
Brachialis: origin
Distal half of humerus
Brachialis: insertion
ulnar tuberosity
Brachialis: innervation
musculocutaneous (C5, C6, C7)
Brachialis: action
Flex elbow
Triceps brachii: origin
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
lateral head: posterior humerus
medial head: posterior humerus
Triceps brachii: insertion
olecranon process of ulna
Triceps brachii: innervation
Radial (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Triceps brachii: action
- extend elbow joint
- extend glenohumeral joint (long head)
Anconeus: innervation
Radial (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Anconeus: action
stabilize elbow joint
Pronator teres: origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
Pronator teres: insertion
midshaft of radius
Pronator teres: innervation
median nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Pronator teres: action
pronate forearm
Flexor carpi radialis: origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor carpi radialis: insertion
radial/lateral side of wrist
Flexor carpi radialis: innervation
median nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Flexor carpi ulnaris: origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor carpi ulnaris: insertion
ulnar/medial side of wrist
Flexor carpi radialis: action
- Flex wrist
- Abduct wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris: innervation
ulnar nerve (C7, C8, T1)
Flexor carpi ulnaris: action
- Flex wrist
- Adduct wrist
Palmaris longus: origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
Palmaris longus: insertion
plamar aponeurosis
Palmaris longus: innervation
Median nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Palmaris longus: action
Flex wrist
Flexor digitorum superficialis: origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor digitorum superficialis: insertion
middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Flexor digitorum superficialis: innervation
Median nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Flexor digitorum supericialis: action
- Flex digits 2-5 at MCP and PIP
- Flex wrist
Flexor digitorum profundus: origin
- ulna
- radius
- interosseous membrane
Flexor digitorum profundus: insertion
distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Flexor digitorum profundus: innervation
- digits 2, 3 and 1/2 of 4th - Median (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
- digits 1/2 of 4 and 5th: Ulnar (C7, C8, T1)
Flexor digitorum profundus: action
- Flex wrist
- Flex digits 2-5 at MCP, PIP, and DIP
Flexor pollicis longus: origin
- ulna
- radius
- interosseous membrane
Flexor pollicis longus: insertion
Distal phalanx of thumb
Flexor pollicis longus: innervation
median nerve
Flexor pollicis longus: action
- Flex thumb: CMC, MCP, IP
- Flex wrist
Pronator quadratus: origin
- ulna
- radius
- interosseous membrane
Pronator quadratus: insertion
distal radius
Pronator quadratus: innervation
median
Pronator quadratus: action
pronate forearm
Brachioradialis: origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
Brachioradialis: insertion
distal radius
Brachioradialis: innveration
Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Brachioradialis: action
flex elbow joint
Extensor carpi radialis longus: origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis longus: insertion
radial/lateral side of dorsal aspect of hand
Extensor carpi radialis longus: innervation
Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Extensor carpi radialis longus: action
- extension of wrist
- abduction of wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: origin
lateral epicondyle
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: insertion
radial/lateral aspect of dorsal hand
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: innervation
radial
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: action
- extension of wrist
- abduction of wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris: origin
lateral epicondyle
Extensor carpi ulnaris: insertion
ulnar/medial side of the dorsal hand
Extensor carpi ulnaris: innervation
radial
Extensor carpi ulnaris: action
- Extend wrist
- Adduct wrist
Extensor Digitorum: origin
lateral epicondyle
Extensor Digitorum: insertion
extensor expansions on digits 2-5
Extensor Digitorum: innervation
radial
Extensor Digitorum: action
- Extend digits 2-5 MCP, PIP, DIP
- Extend wrist
Extensor Digiti Minimi: origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Extensor Digiti Minimi: insertion
extensor expansion of digit 5
Extensor Digiti Minimi: innervation
radial
Extensor Digiti Minimi: action
Extend digit 5 MCP, PIP, DIP
Abductor Pollicis Longus:origin
- ulna
- radius
- interosseous membrane
Abductor Pollicis Longus: insertion
-base of MC1
Abductor Pollicis Longus: innervation
radial
Abductor Pollicis Longus: action
- Abduct Pollix
- Extend Thumb at CMC
Extensor Pollicis Brevis: origin
- ulna
- radius
- interosseous membrane
Extensor Pollicis Brevis: insertion
Proximal phalanx of Pollux
Extensor Pollicis Brevis: innervation
Radial
Extensor Pollicis Brevis: action
extend thumb - CMC, MCP
Extensor Pollicis Longus: origin
- ulna
- radius
- interosseous membrane
Extensor Pollicis Longus: insertion
Distal phalanx of pollux
Extensor Pollicis Longus: innervation
Radial
Extensor Pollicis Longus: action
Extend thumb at CMC, MCP, IP
Extensor Indicis: origin
- ulna
- radius
- interosseous membrane
Extensor Indicis: insertion
extensor expansion of digit 2
Extensor Indicis: innervation
Radial
Extensor Indicis: action
extend digit 2 - MCP, PIP, DIP
Supinator: origin
- ulna
- radius
- interosseous membrane
Supinator: insertion
proximal radius
Supinator: innervation
radial
Supinator: action
supinate forearm when elbow flexed or extended
Abductor Pollicis brevis: innervation
recurrent branch of median nerve
Abductor Pollicis brevis: action
abduct thumb CMC
Flexor Pollicis brevis: innervation
recurrent branch of median nerve
Flexor Pollicis brevis: action
flex thumb - CMC, MCP
Opponens Pollicis: innervation
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Opponens Pollicis: action
oppose thumb- CMC
Adductor Pollicis (transverse and oblique heads): innervation
ulnar nerve (C7, C8, T1)
Adductor Pollicis (transverse and oblique heads): action
Adduct thumb - CMC
Abductor Digiti Minimi: innervation
ulnar nerve (C7, C8, T1)
Abductor Digiti Minimi: action
abduct digit 5 - MCP
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: innervation
Ulnar nerve (C7, C8, T1)
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: action
Flex digit 5 - CMC, MCP
Opponens Digiti Minimi: innervation
Ulnar (C7, C8, T1)
Opponens Digiti Minimi: action
oppose digit 5 - CMC
Lumbricals: origin
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Lumbricals: insertion
extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Lumbricals: innervation
Median nerve: digits 2 and 3 Ulnar nerve (C7, C8, T1): digits 4 and 5
Lumbricals: action
- Flex MCP of digits 2-5
- Extend PIP and DIP of digits 2-5
Palmar interossei (3): innervation
ulnar (C7, C8, T1)
Palmar interossei (3): action
PAD: adduct MCP digits 2-5
Digit 3, middle finger is axis
Dorsal interossei (4): innervation
Ulnar (C7, C8, T1)
Dorsal interossei (4): action
“DAB”: abduct MCP digits 2-5