Upper Extremity Flashcards
What is the origin of Trapezius?
occipital bone, nuchal ligament, thoracic spinous processes
What is the insertion of Trapezius?
- Clavicle
- acromion
- spine of scapula
What is the innervation of Trapezius?
CN XI - Accessory
What are the actions of Trapezius?
Superior: elevation and upward rotation of scapula
Middle: retraction of scapula (adduction)
Inferior: depression and upward rotation of the scapula
What is the origin of Latissimus Dorsi?
- Thoracolumbar fascia
- Iliac crests
- Ribs
Latissimus Dorsi insertion
Anteromedial aspect of proximal humerus
What innervates Latissimus Dorsi?
Thoracodorsal (long scapular nerve)
C6, C7, C8
Latissimus Dorsi Actions?
Glenohumeral joint: Extension, adduction, medial rotation
Levator Scapulae: origin
cervical transverse processes (C1-C4)
Levator Scapulae: insertion
superior angle of scapula
Levator Scapulae: innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Levator Scapulae: actions
- Elevation of scapula
- Downward rotation of scapula
Rhomboid major: origin
- Nuchal ligament
- throacic spinous processes
Rhomboid major: insertion
medial border of scapula
Rhomboid major: innervation
dorsal scapular (C5)
Rhomboid major: action
- retraction of scapula
- downward rotation of scapula
- fixes scapula to body wall
Rhomboid minor: origin
- nuchal ligament
- thoracic spinous processes
Rhomboid minor: insertion
Medial border of scapula (superior to Rhomboid major)
Rhomboid minor: innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Rhomboid minor: action
- Retration of scapula
- Downward rotation of scapula
- Fixes scapula to the body wall
Splenius capitis: origin
- Nuchal ligament
- Thoracic spinous processes
Splenius capitis: insertion
- mastoid process
- occipital bone
Splenius capitis: innervation
dorsal rami
Splenius capitis: action
Bilateral: extend neck
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to ipsilateral side of neck
Splenius cervicis: origin
- nuchal ligament
- thoracic spinous processes
Splenius cervicis: insertion
- Mastoid process
- Cervical transverse processes
Splenius cervicis: innervation
dorsal rami
Splenius cervicis: action
Bilateral - extension of neck
Unilateral - lateral flexion, rotation to ipilateral side of neck
Iliocostalis:origin
- iliac crests
- Sacrum
- lumbar spinous processes
Iliocostalis: insertion
- Ribs
- Transverse processes
Iliocostalis: innervation
dorsal rami
Iliocostalis: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to ipsilateral side
Longissimus: origin
- iliac crest
- Sacrum
- lumbar spinous procesess
Longissimus: insertion
- Transverse processes
- mastoid process
Longissimus: innvervation
dorsal rami
Longissimus: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to ipsilateral side
Spinalis: origin
- iliac crest
- sacrum
- lumbar spinous process
Spinalis: insertion
- spinous processes
- occipital bone
Spinalis: innervation
dorsal rami
Spinalis: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to ipsilateral side
Semispinalis: origin
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Semispinalis: insertion
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Semispinalis: innervation
dorsal rami
Semispinalis: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to contralateral side
Multifidus: origin
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Multifidus: insertion
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Multifidus: innervation
Dorsal Rami
Multifidus: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to contralateral side
Rotatores: origin
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Rotatores: insertion
-occupy “gutter” between transverse and spinous processes
Rotatores: innervation
Dorsal rami
Rotatores: action
Bilateral: extend vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation to contralateral side
Pectoralis major: origin
- clavicle
- sternum
- costal cartilages of superior ribs
Pectoralis major: insertion
anteromedial aspect of proximal humerus
Pectoralis major: innervation
- Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
- Lateral pectoral nerve (C5,C6, C7)
Pectoralis major: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- Adduction
- Flexion
- Medial rotation
Pectoralis minor: origin
ribs 3-5
Pectoralis minor: insertion
Coracoid process of scapula
Pectoralis minor: innvervation
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Pectoralis minor: action
Scapula:
- Protraction
- Depression
- stabilization
Serratus Anterior: origin
lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
Serratus Anterior: insertion
Anterior surface of scapula medial border
Serratus Anterior: innervation
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Serratus Anterior: action
Scapula:
- protraction
- Upward rotation
- Fixes scapula to thoracic wall
Deltoid: origin
- clavicle
- acromion
- spine of the scapula
Deltoid: insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid: innervation
axillary nerve (C5, C6)
Deltoid: action
anterior: flexion and medial rotation of Glenohumeral joint
middle: abduction of glenohumeral joint after 15 degrees
posterior: extension and lateral rotation of the glenohumeral joint
Teres major: origin
inferior angle of the scapula
Teres major: insertion
anteromedial aspect of proximal humerus
Teres major: innervation
Lower subscapular (C5, C6)
Teres major: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- medial rotation
- adduction
Teres minor: origin
lateral border of scapula
Teres minor: insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Teres minor: innervation
Axillary (C5, C6)
Teres minor: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- lateral rotation
- stabilize the glenohumeral joint
Supraspinatus: origin
supraspinous fossa of scapula
Supraspinatus: insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Supraspinatus: innervation
suprascapular (C5, C6)
Supraspinatus: action
Glenohumeral joint:
- abduction (initial 15 degrees)
- stabilize
Infraspinatus: origin
infraspinous fossa of scapula