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Anatomy (Upper Extremity) > Overview of the Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Overview of the Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Describe movement of hip joint

A

-Ball and socket synovial joint

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Medial/Lateral rotation

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2
Q

Describe the movement of the knee joint

A

-Hinge synovial joint

Flexion/Extension
Medial/Lateral rotation (*some)

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3
Q

Ankle (Talocrural) joint

A

-Hinge synovial joint

Bones: Talus, distal tibia and lateral malleolus of fibula

Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

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4
Q

Subtalar Joint

A

Eversion/Inversion

Bones: Talus and calcaneus

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5
Q

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints

A

Flexion/extension

Abduction/adduction (away from and towards 2nd digit axis)

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6
Q 
Interphalangeal joints (IP)
-PIPs and DIPs
A

Flexion/extension

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7
Q

What does the superficial fascia contain?

A
  1. Fat
  2. Cutaneous nerves
  3. Superficial veins
  4. Lymphatics
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8
Q

What does the deep fascia of the lower extremity contain?

A
  1. Dense Connective Tissue

2. Elastic stocking

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9
Q

What is the deep fascia above the knee?

A

Fascia lata

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10
Q

What is the deep fascia below the knee?

A

Crural fascia

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11
Q

What is the oval shaped window in the fascia lata?

A

Saphenous opening

location: inferior to the inguinal ligament
contents: great saphenous vein and lymphatics

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12
Q

What is the name of the lateral thickening of fascia lata

A

iliotibial tract or IT band

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13
Q

The 3 compartments of the lower extremity are separated by what?

A

3 intermuscular septa arise from fascia lata and attach to linea aspera on posterior side of femur

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14
Q

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Medial

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15
Q

What are the three compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior (deep and superficial)

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16
Q

What arise from the crural fascia and where do they attach?

A

2 intermuscular septa arise from crura fascia and attach to the fibula

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17
Q

What create the 3 compartments of the leg?

A
  1. intermuscular septa

2. Interosseous membrane (between the tibia and fibula)

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18
Q

What 3 structures does the deep fascia make at the ankle joint?

A

Deep fascia forms:

  1. Extensor retinaculum
    2, Flexor retinaculum (medial)
  2. Fibular retinaculum (lateral)
19
Q

Which veins have more valves - Deep or superficial?

A

Deep veins have more valves

20
Q

Is the Great Saphenous Vein anterior or posterior to the malleolus?

A

great saphenous vein is anterior to the medial malleolus

21
Q

Small saphenous vein

A
  1. Arises from lateral side of foot
  2. Posterior to lateral malleolus
  3. At popliteal fossa drains into popliteal vein
22
Q

Perforating veins

A

connect superficial and deep veins.

Contain valves to only allow blood to flow from the SF to the Deep

23
Q

Describe lymphatics of the superficial tissues of LE

A

Drain to the superficial inguinal nodes and then to the external iliac lymph nodes

24
Q

Describe lymphatics of the deep tissues of LE

A

Drain to the superior/inferior gluteal to internal iliac nodes

25
Q

Where do superficial lymph vessels of the lower limb accompanying the Great saphaneous vein drain?

A

into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes

26
Q

Where do superficial lymph vessels accompanying the lesser saphaneous vein drain?

A

into the popliteal lymph nodes -> deep inguinal lymph nodes

27
Q

Where do deep lymphatic vessels drain?

A

drain into deep inguinal lymph nodes medial to femoral vein

28
Q

Where do superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes drain?

A

external iliac nodes

29
Q

What are the 7 Tarsal bones

A
  1. Cuneiform
  2. Cuneiform
  3. Cuneiform
  4. Cuboid
  5. Navicular
  6. Talus
  7. Calcaneous
30
Q

Which nerves comprise the lumbosacral plexus (L1-L4)?

A
  1. Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
  2. Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
  3. Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)
  4. Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2-L3)
  5. Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
  6. Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
31
Q

Iliohypogastric: sensory and motor?

A

sensory: skin of inguinal region and superolateral gluteal region
motor: abdominal muscles

32
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve: sensory and motor?

A

sensory: skin of inguinal region, scrotom/labia majora and superomedial thigh

Motor: abdominal muscles

33
Q

Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2) sensory and motor?

A

Femoral branch: sensory to skin of superomedial thigh

Genital branch: sensory to skin of scrotum or labia majora
motor: cremaster muscle

34
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2-L3) sensory and motor?

A

sensory: skin of lateral thigh
motor: none

35
Q 
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
sensory and motor?
A

medial to psoas major, courses along lateral wall of the pelvis and exits via the obturator canal

sensory: skin of medial thigh
motor: medial compartment of thigh

36
Q

Femoral nerve (L2-L4) sensory and motor?

A

lateral to psoas major, passes deep to inguinal ligament

sensory: skin of anteromedial thigh, leg, and foot
motor: anterior compartment of thigh

37
Q

Name the 5 nerves in the Sacral plexus

A
  1. Lumbosacral trunk (L-4-L5)
  2. Superior gluteal nerve
  3. Inferior gluteal nerve
  4. Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
  5. Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
38
Q

Lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5)

A

descends medial to psoas major joins ventral rami of S1-S4 as they emerge from anterior sacral foramina (and through piriformis)

39
Q

Superior gluteal nerve. Where does it exit pelvis? Motor innervation?

A

Exits pelvis via the greater sciatic foramina SUPERIOR to piriformis

Motor:

  1. gluteus medius
  2. gluteus minimus
  3. tensor fascia latae
40
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve. Where does it exit pelvis? Motor innervation?

A

Exits pelvis via the greater sciatic foramina INFERIOR to piriformis

Motor:
gluteus maximus

41
Q

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

A

Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramina INFERIOR to piriformis

Motor:

  1. posterior compartment of thigh
  2. all compartments of leg and foot

Sensory:
skin of food and most of leg

42
Q

Which two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

A

Common fibular (peroneal) nerve and tibial nerve

43
Q

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

A

Exits pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen INFERIOR to piriformis around ischial spine in through the lesser sciatic foramen, pudendal (Alcock) canal

Motor: muscles of the urogenital triangle and anal triangle

Sensory: skin of the urogenital triangle and anal triangle

Anatomy (Upper Extremity) (12 decks)

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