Joints of the Upper Limb and Hand

Question 1

At full elevation of the upper limb, to what degree is the clavicle raised?

Answer 1

60 degrees

Question 2

What is damaged with a dislocation of the AC joint/Shoulder separation?

Answer 2

Acromioclavicular ligament

Question 3

What are the 3 capsular ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 3

1. Coracohumeral ligament
2. Glenohumeral ligament
3. Tranverse Humeral ligament

Question 4

What is the extracapsular ligament associated with the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 4

Coracoacromial ligament

Question 5

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 5

S-upraspinatus
I-nfraspinatus
T-eres minor
S-ubsclapularis

Question 6

Where do most GHJ dislocations occur? Why?

Answer 6

“anteriorly” because no ligaments or tendons cross the inferior portion of GHJ making it the weakest.

Question 7

Shoulder dislocation endarders what nerve and artery?

Answer 7

• Musculocutaneous nerve

- Axillary artery

Question 8

What structures does a surgical neck fracture of the humerus endanger?

Answer 8

• Axillary nerve

- Circumflex humeral arteries (anterior and posterior)

Question 9

What structures does a midshaft fracture of the humerus endanger?

Answer 9

• Radial nerve
• Deep artery of the arm
• Deep vein of the arm

Question 10

What structures does a supracondylar fracture endanger?

Answer 10

• Median nerve

- Brachial artery

Question 11

What structure does a medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus endanger?

Answer 11

Ulnar nerve

Question 12

What does the radial head articulate with?

Answer 12

capitulum

Question 13

What does the ulna articulate with?

Answer 13

trochlea

Question 14

What are the 3 ligaments of the elbow joint?

Answer 14

1. Radial (lateral) collateral ligament
2. Ulnar (medial collateral
3. Anular ligament

Question 15

What types of joints are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

Answer 15

both synovial

Question 16

What happens with a pulled elbow (Nursemaid’s elbow)?

Answer 16

• Most common for children 1-3

- Torn anular ligament= Radius no longer articulates with capitulum of humerus

Question 17

What 5 structures make up the synovial Radiocarpal joint?

Answer 17

• Radius
• Articular disc
• Scaphoid
• Lunate
• Triquetrum

Question 18

What is the most common fractue in adults >50 years old?

Answer 18

Colles fracture

Question 19

What fracture of the radius is also known as “Dinner fork deformity”?

Answer 19

Colles fracture

Question 20

Which carpal bone can cause compression of the Median nerve when dislocated anteriorly?

Answer 20

Anterior location of the Lunate can cause compression of the median nerve.

Question 21

Landing on an outstretched hand can fracture the scaphoid which can put it in danger of avacular necrosis because it is no longer receiving blood from which artery?

Answer 21

Radial artery

Question 22

What are the three types of ligaments at the MCP joints?

Answer 22

1. Collateral ligaments
2. Palmar ligaments (plates)
3. Deep transverse Metacarpal ligaments

Question 23

An avulsion of the extensor expansion at the level of the DIP is called?

Answer 23

Mallet finger

Question 24

An avulsion of extensor expansion at the level of PIP is called?

Answer 24

Boutonniere Deformity

Question 25

Where does the median nerve innervate on the hand?

Answer 25

• Sensory to skin on the lateral palm
• Palmar aspects of lateral 3 1/2 digits
• Dorsal aspects of the distal halves of the lateral 3 1/2 digits

Question 26

Where does the ulnar nerve innervate on the hand?

Answer 26

• Sensory to the medial palm

- Palmar and dorsal aspects of medial 1 1/2 digits

Question 27

Where does the radial nerve innervate on the hand?

Answer 27

• Lateral wrist (including snuff box)
• lateral aspect of dorsal hand
• dorsal aspects of the proximal halves of the lateral 3 1/2 digits