Joints of the Upper Limb and Hand Flashcards
At full elevation of the upper limb, to what degree is the clavicle raised?
60 degrees
What is damaged with a dislocation of the AC joint/Shoulder separation?
Acromioclavicular ligament
What are the 3 capsular ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?
- Coracohumeral ligament
- Glenohumeral ligament
- Tranverse Humeral ligament
What is the extracapsular ligament associated with the glenohumeral joint?
Coracoacromial ligament
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
S-upraspinatus
I-nfraspinatus
T-eres minor
S-ubsclapularis
Where do most GHJ dislocations occur? Why?
“anteriorly” because no ligaments or tendons cross the inferior portion of GHJ making it the weakest.
Shoulder dislocation endarders what nerve and artery?
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Axillary artery
What structures does a surgical neck fracture of the humerus endanger?
- Axillary nerve
- Circumflex humeral arteries (anterior and posterior)
What structures does a midshaft fracture of the humerus endanger?
- Radial nerve
- Deep artery of the arm
- Deep vein of the arm
What structures does a supracondylar fracture endanger?
- Median nerve
- Brachial artery
What structure does a medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus endanger?
Ulnar nerve
What does the radial head articulate with?
capitulum
What does the ulna articulate with?
trochlea
What are the 3 ligaments of the elbow joint?
- Radial (lateral) collateral ligament
- Ulnar (medial collateral
- Anular ligament
What types of joints are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?
both synovial
What happens with a pulled elbow (Nursemaid’s elbow)?
- Most common for children 1-3
- Torn anular ligament= Radius no longer articulates with capitulum of humerus
What 5 structures make up the synovial Radiocarpal joint?
- Radius
- Articular disc
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
What is the most common fractue in adults >50 years old?
Colles fracture
What fracture of the radius is also known as “Dinner fork deformity”?
Colles fracture
Which carpal bone can cause compression of the Median nerve when dislocated anteriorly?
Anterior location of the Lunate can cause compression of the median nerve.
Landing on an outstretched hand can fracture the scaphoid which can put it in danger of avacular necrosis because it is no longer receiving blood from which artery?
Radial artery
What are the three types of ligaments at the MCP joints?
- Collateral ligaments
- Palmar ligaments (plates)
- Deep transverse Metacarpal ligaments
An avulsion of the extensor expansion at the level of the DIP is called?
Mallet finger
An avulsion of extensor expansion at the level of PIP is called?
Boutonniere Deformity
Where does the median nerve innervate on the hand?
- Sensory to skin on the lateral palm
- Palmar aspects of lateral 3 1/2 digits
- Dorsal aspects of the distal halves of the lateral 3 1/2 digits
Where does the ulnar nerve innervate on the hand?
- Sensory to the medial palm
- Palmar and dorsal aspects of medial 1 1/2 digits
Where does the radial nerve innervate on the hand?
- Lateral wrist (including snuff box)
- lateral aspect of dorsal hand
- dorsal aspects of the proximal halves of the lateral 3 1/2 digits
