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Upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Injury to axillary nerve

A
  • sensory impairment to lateral surface of shoulder
  • shoulder weakness, especially with abduction
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2
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • Action
    • abduction of shoulder
  • Innervation
    • suprascapular nerve
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3
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

A

rhomboid major/minor and levator scapulae muscle

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4
Q

Teres Minor

A
  • Action
    • laterally rotates shoulder
  • Innervation
    • Axillary nerve
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5
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A
  • Action
    • extends wrist and 5th finger
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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6
Q

Pronator quadratus

A
  • Action
    • pronates forearm
  • Innervation
    • median nerve
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7
Q

Pronator Teres

A
  • Action
    • Pronates and flexes forearm
  • Innervation
    • median nerve
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8
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A
  • Action
    • extends and adducts wrist
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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9
Q

Deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A
  1. Abductor pollicis longus
  2. extensor pollicis longus
  3. extensor pollicis brevis
  4. extensor indicis

**all extend and all innervated by radial nerve

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10
Q

Triceps Brachii

A
  • Action
    • extends elbow joint
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
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11
Q

Muscles innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

A
  1. Biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. coracobrachialis
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12
Q

Extensor digitorum

A
  • Action
    • extend wrist and medial 4 fingers
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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13
Q

Levator Scapulae

A
  • Action
    • Elevates scapula
  • Innervation
    • Dorsal scapular nerve
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14
Q

Thoracodorsal Nerve

(C7-C8)

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

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15
Q

pectoralis major

A
  • Action:
    • adducts and medially rotates shoulder joing
  • innervation:
    • lateral and medial pectoral nerve
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16
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • Action
    • Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint
  • Innervation
    • superior and inferior subscapular nerves
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17
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A
  • Action
    • extends wrist and thumb
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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18
Q

scapula

A
  • overlays the 2nd-7th rips
  • lateral border is thickest
  • glenoid cavity articulates with head of humerous at glenohumeral joint
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19
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A
  • Action
    • extends, adducts and medially rotates shoulder
  • Innervation
    • thoracodorsal nerve
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20
Q

Rotator cuff

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres Minor
  4. Subscapularis
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21
Q

Extensor indicis

A
  • Action
    • extends wrist and 2nd finger
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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22
Q

Teres Major

A
  • Action
    • adducts and medially rotates shoulder
  • Innervation
    • Inferior subscapular nerve
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23
Q

Brachialis

A
  • Action
    • flexes elbow
  • Innervation
    • musculocutaneous nerve
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24
Q

axio-appendicular muscles

A

attach to the ribs, sternum, and vertebrae. Suport and move pectoral girdle

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25
Q

Arterial supply to upper extremity

A
  1. sublcavian artery
  2. axillary artery
  3. brachial artery
  4. four terminal branches
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26
Q

Medial Brachial cutaneous nerve

(C8-T1)

A

Sensory to the medial side of the arm

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27
Q

Brachioradialis

A
  • Action
    • weak flexion of elbow
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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28
Q

Pectoral girdle

A
  1. scapulae
  2. clavicles
  3. manubrium of sternum
  • support and movement provided by the axio-appendicular muscles
29
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A
  • Action
    • Flexes and abducts hand at wrist
  • Innervation
    • Median nerve
30
Q

humerus

A
  • largest bone in upper limb
  • radial groove for the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
31
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • pierces coracobrachialis muscle
  • innervates brachialis and biceps brachii
  • continues as sensory to lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
  • Injury:
    • sensory impairment to lateral surface of forearm
    • paralysis of coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis
32
Q

Nerve to Subclavius

(Superior trunk/ C5)

A

subclavius muscle

33
Q

Trapezius

A
  • Action
    • lifts and retracts scapula
  • Innervation
    • spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
34
Q

Rhomboid Minor

Rhomboid Major

A
  • Action
    • holds scapula to thoracic wall
  • innervation
    • dorsal scapular nerve
35
Q

Supericial muscles of anterior forearm

A
  1. Pronator Teres
  2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
  3. palmaris longus
  4. flexor carpi ulnaris
36
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A
  • Action
    • extend and abduct wrist
  • innervation
    • radial nerve
37
Q

Superior subscapular nerve

(C5-C6)

A

subscapularis muscle

38
Q

Palmaris Longus

A
  • Action
    • Flexes hand at wrist
  • Innervation
    • Median nerve
39
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve

(C5-C7)

A

Pectoralis major muscle

40
Q

Deltoid

A
  • Action
    • abducts shoulder joint
  • innervation
    • axillary nerve
41
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A
  • Action
    • extend and abduct wrist
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
42
Q

How median nerve innervates hand

A
  1. abducts thumb
  2. opposes thumb
  3. flexes thumb
  4. flexes metacarpophalangeal joints of the 2-4th fingers
  • Injury
    • sensory impairment to anterior thumb, palmer surface, anterior first 2.5 fingers and posterior joint of first 2.5 fingers
    • loss of thumb opposition, decreased abduction of thumb, loss of flexion of proximal and distal interphalangeal joings
      • “pope’s blessing” or “ape hand”
43
Q

Inferior subscapular nerve

(C5-C6)

A

Subscapularis and teres major muscles

44
Q

Biceps brachii

A
  • Action
    • supinates forearm and flexes elbow
  • Innervation
    • musculocutaneous nerve
45
Q

Radius

A
  • lateral to ulna and shorter
  • shaft gradually enlarges as it passes distally
  • with pronation of forearm, radius crosses ulna
46
Q

Axillary artery

A
  • lateral margin of 1st rib to inferior border of the teres major
47
Q

Medial Pectoral nerve

(C8-T1)

A

Pectoralis major and minor muscles

48
Q

Brachial artery

A
  • Inferior border of the teres major muscle to the distal portion of the cubital fossa
49
Q

Clavicle

A
  • connects upper limb to axial skeleton
  • sternal end touches sternum at sternoclavicular joint
  • acromoial end touches the acromion of the scapula at acromioclavicular joint
50
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A
  • Action
    • extends wrist and abducts thumb
  • innervation
    • radial nerve
51
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A
  • Action
    • flexes wrist and proximal phalanges
  • Innervation
    • Median nerve
52
Q

How the Ulnar nerve innervates hand

A
  1. adducts thumb
  2. abducts 5th finger
  3. flexes 5th finger
  4. opposes 5th finger towards thumb
  • Injury
    • Sensory impairment of medial surface of hand/palm and medial 1.5 fingers
    • loss of flexionat 4th and 5th fingers, loss of thumb adduction, loss ability to oppose and abduct 5th finger
      • “claw hand”
53
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • Action
    • laterally rotates shoulder
  • innervation
    • Suprascapular nerve
54
Q

Intermediate and deep muscles of the anterior forearm

A
  1. flexor digitorum superficialis
  2. flexor digitorum profundus
  3. flexor pollicis longus
  4. pronator quadratus
55
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A
  • Action
    • flexes wrist and thumb
  • Innervation
    • median nerve
56
Q

ulna

A
  • medial
  • stabilizing bone of the forearm
  • shaft is thick but tapers distally
57
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A
  • Action
    • flexes wrist and phalanges 2-5
  • Innervation
    • Median nerve and ulnar nerve
58
Q

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

(C8-T1)

A

Sensory to the medial side of the forearm

59
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A
  • Action
    • stabilizes scapula
  • Innervation
    • medial pectoral nerve
60
Q

Injury to radial nerve

A
  • sensory impairment to posterior surface of forearm, posterior thumb and first 2.5 fingers
  • paralysis of triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, extensors of the wrist and fingers
    • “wrist drop”
61
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A
  • Action
    • extends wrist and thumb
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
62
Q

Coracobrachialis

A
  • Action
    • flex and adduct shoulder
  • Innervation
    • musculocutaneous nerve
63
Q

Long thoracic nerve (C5-C6)

A

serratus anterior muscle

*Injury causes paralysis of serratus anterior and medial border of scapula proturdes away from body

64
Q

Superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

A
  1. Brachioradialis
  2. extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. extensor carpi radialis brevis
  4. extensor digitorum
  5. extensor digiti minimi
  6. extensor carpi ulnaris

**All are innervated by the radial nerve

65
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A
  • Action
    • Flexes and adducts hand at wrist
  • Innervation
    • Ulnar nerve
67
Q

Suprascapular nerve

(superior trunk/C5-C6)

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

68
Q

Serratus Anterior

A
  • Action
    • holds scapula to thoracic wall
  • Innervation
    • long thoracic nerve (LTN)

Anatomy (9 decks)

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